当前劳动和社会保障制度改革面临的主要问题与对策

自1978年改革以来,中国已逐步建立起市场导向的就业机制,并初步形成了具有中国特色的社会保障体系。但是,受基本国情的限制,中国的劳动就业日益面临严峻的挑战,而这一挑战更使得中国社会保障制度的建立与完善成为一项长期而艰巨的任务。针对当前和今后一段时期劳动和社会保障制度改革面临的主要问题,必须采取综合治理的应对措施,继续推进劳动和社会保障制度的稳健改革。     

Major Changes Without Regime Shifts:Switzerland and Japan in Comparative Perspective

The literature on regime shift suggests that Japan, and perhaps also Switzerland, have experienced a shift in their political systems. In this contribution, it is argued that both political systems underwent considerable change. However, this change did not represent regime shift in terms of a break with the past. Compared to other established democracies in the OECD country group, the changes to various aspects of the political systems have been similar in magnitude and type in both countries. Among OECD members, similar new elements have been layered on to stable cores of pre‐existing institutions, actor constellations and policies differing vastly in international comparison. Therewith, most countries moved in comparable directions without significantly changing their relative position within the group of established democracies     

关于提高领导干部执政能力的制度保障问题

提高领导干部执政能力是加强党的执政能力建设的中心环节 ,而提高领导干部执政能力 ,关键是要在制度保障上下功夫 ,通过制度完善和创新确保党的各级领导干部能够忠实地做到权为民所用、情为民所系、利为民所谋 ,真正地贯彻党在新时期的一系列路线方针政策 ,为此需要进一步完善干部选拔、管理、监督的一系列制度 ,以切实保障群众的知情权、参与权、选择权和监督权。     

农民工转化为城市居民的路径锁定与突破

城市化伴随着农村人口向城镇的转移,农村剩余劳动力转移到城市中边际报酬为正的产业部门,是推动城市化与经济增长的基本动力。而我国农民工转化为城市居民存在户籍、社会保障、教育等制度障碍。为促进农民分享城市化与经济增长的收益,需要打破农民工转化为市民的路径锁定,实施制度创新,需要解决因城市化发展与农民权益缺失的矛盾,让农民工享受与城市居民相等的权益或待遇。     

从英美经验看政府成功绩效管理的制度安排

绩效管理是英美等国政府再造中的一个重要的改革工具,对提升政府绩效起了积极的作用。但政府再造本身是一项复杂的系统工程,绩效管理要发挥其效用,还有赖于一系列配套的制度安排,以形成"制度合力"。     

当前我国失地农民利益受损的制度分析

在我国农村工业化和城市化进程中,农民因失地而引起的利益受损问题,是影响农业发展、农村稳定的重大问题。失地农民利益受损的原因是多方面的,但其中最根本的原因在于农村公共管理制度存在的诸多缺失,通过政府公共管理制度创新来解决失地农民利益受损的问题是一条可行路径。     

执政党不忘初心、牢记使命的制度建设研究

不忘初心、牢记使命是中国共产党对全体党员的价值要求,是执政党对广大人民群众的政治承诺。十九届四中全会提出要建设不忘初心、牢记使命的制度,是不忘初心、牢记使命主题教育常态化的现实要求,也是提升执政党制度建设水平的内在要求,更是提升执政党治理水平、巩固执政地位的迫切需求。不忘初心、牢记使命制度作为党内重要制度,涵盖着党员教育、党员学习与党性修养等制度,与干部选拔任用制度、纪检检查制度等相衔接。推动不忘初心、牢记使命制度落地生根,就要建立党中央领导、各级党委负责的领导机制,将不忘初心、牢记使命上升为党章要求,通过尊重党员主体地位、调动党员积极性等方面来推动不忘初心、牢记使命制度的落实。     

The institutionalization of relative advantage: formal institutions,subconstitutional presidential powers,and the rise of authoritarian politics in Russia, 1994–2012

What role do formal institutions play in the consolidation of authoritarian regimes such as the Russian Federation? Oftentimes, it is assumed that autocrats, usually potent presidents, wield informal powers and control far-flung patron–client networks that undermine formal institutions and bolster their rule. After the institutional turn in authoritarianism studies, elections, parties, legislatures, or courts have taken center stage, yet presidencies and public law are still on the margins of this research paradigm. This paper proposes a method for measuring subconstitutional presidential power and its change by federal law, decrees, and Constitutional Court rulings as well as a theoretical framework for explaining when and under which conditions subconstitutional presidential power expands. It is argued that as a result of a gradual, small-scale, and slow-moving process of layering, presidential powers have been accumulated over time. This furthers the institutionalization of presidential advantage toward other federal and regional institutions, which in turn contributes to the consolidation of authoritarianism.     

Italian Politics in an Era of Recession: The End of Bipolarism?

Abstract

Italian politics have undergone momentous change in the 2007–2017 decade under the impact of the eurozone crisis, whose peak in 2011–2013 could be equated to the earlier watershed years of 1992–1994. The lasting impact of the upheaval in Italian politics in the early 1990s could still be felt in the decade of economic recession, but there were also new challenges prompted by a crisis that had its roots in international financial contagion and which unravelled under the shadow of both recession and austerity. The changes were of an economic, social, cultural, institutional, policy-oriented and political nature. If one central quintessentially political theme stands out by the end of this decade it is the apparent exhaustion of the quest for bipolarisation that was initiated in the early 1990s.