美、德、日实施宪法公共利益条款之比较研究

公共利益问题是各国宪法普遍关注的问题.早在200多年前,美国就将"公共使用"条款写入宪法修正案,德国、日本也分别在各自的宪法中规定了"公共福利"和"公共福祉"等内容.宪政理论与实践证明,公共利益条款的实施并非单纯的法治过程,它总是与本国具体的社会经济制度相联.由于美、德、日三国的市场经济体制存在一定差异性,因而,这些国家关于宪法公共利益条款的实施情况也不尽相同.研究发达国家公共利益条款运行的宪政模式,对于我国实践宪法公共利益原则具有一定的借鉴意义.     

2009年香港海商法判例综述

2009年期间,香港法院审理了一定数量的海商海事案件,案件领域包括提单运输、《汉堡规则》的解释、承运人在普通法下的责任、船舶碰撞和海上保险等。大部分案件在香港高等法院原诉法庭审结,部分上诉至香港高等法院上诉法庭,甚至香港终审法院。通过对若干代表性案件的描述和分析,一方面展现香港海商法判例的发展,另一方面有助于对中国内地海商法的比较研究。     

中国海上保险法变革的步履:船舶保险条款的完善及要点

完善标准保险条款乃是海上保险立法改革的重要步履.在具体修改或制定中国远洋船舶保险条款时应充分考虑到条款制定者的中立因素,避免利益不均衡条款的出现,也避免含义模糊条款的存在;既吸收国外条款可取之处,也应认识到国外法律与中国法律的差异,兼顾中国保险市场业已形成的保险惯例;既保留条款在基本构架方面的优秀成果,又能大胆地修正部分难以操作的条款,最终使中国船舶保险条款具有前瞻性、可操作性和确定性.     

Catastrophe risk,insurance and terrorism

This article empirically investigates how the terrorist activity of September 11, 2001, was addressed by the insurance industry and government in the United States. It shows that the insurance system worked reasonably well in compensating losses suffered, albeit with various tribulations. It also demonstrates that the insurance industry, along with government as the ultimate risk manager, imaginatively reconfigured markets to continue terrorism insurance coverage in many contexts. The findings challenge many of Ulrich Beck’s contentions about catastrophe risks and insurability. At the same time, they indicate the fragility of the insurance system. Insurers’ perceptions and decisions about uncertainty – with potential for windfall profits as well as catastrophic losses – create crises in insurance availability and promote new forms of inequality and exclusion. Hence, while the insurance industry is a central bulwark against uncertainty, insurers can also play a key role in fostering it.     

Enacting catastrophe: preparedness,insurance, budgetary rationalization

Abstract

This article examines ‘enactment’ as a significant new form of knowledge about collective life that differs fundamentally from familiar forms of ‘social’ knowledge. The emergence of enactment is traced through a series of domains where the problem of estimating the likelihood and consequence of potentially catastrophic future events has been made an explicit object of expert reflection: response to a possible nuclear attack in US civil defence planning in the late 1940s; the emergence of natural hazard modelling in the 1960s and 1970s; and the emergence today of terrorism risk assessment and its proposed application to federal budgetary distributions. The article engages with central questions in debates around ‘risk society’ and insurance, holding that new approaches to understanding and assessing risk are not merely idiosyncratic or subjective. Rather, they should be treated as coherent new forms of knowledge and practice whose genealogy and present assemblies must be traced.     

我国地方政府推动创新国际化的法律思考

创新国际化与自主创新有很大的不同,创新国际化对企业的生存发展意义重大.基于创新国际化的重要性,地方政府有必要发挥政府职能,出台相关规章,调整创新国际化过程中所产生的权利义务关系,实施辅助性的行政措施,支持企业创新国际化活动.     

贵州少数民族人口结构变动对养老保险的影响

社会养老保障不仅关系到保险人和投保人的利益 ,而且关系到职工因年老退休所造成的经济损失能否得到及时的、足额的补偿。在我国还关系到经济制度改革的成败 ,因此 ,加强社会养老保险的研究 ,进一步健全和完善社会养老保险制度 ,具有十分重要的社会意义。     

浅谈我国保险资金的运用

保险资金的运用是保险经营的重中之重.本文在分析我国保险资金投资现状的基础上,提出若干拓宽保险资金运用渠道的建议,以期对现实有一定的借鉴作用.     

从医疗保险制度改革看我国城镇职工医疗权的保障

医疗权是公民的一项基本权利,政府在维护公民医疗权的问题上承担着道德责任。我国政府通过医疗卫生体制改革,尽可能使我们的医疗保障制度符合公正性、公益性和效益合理性的伦理原则,从而更好地实现对公民医疗权的维护。尽管在实际操作的过程中仍然面临着很多困难和问题,但是积极的改革措施表明了政府在保障公民医疗权问题上的积极态度。     

农民工参加养老保险的影响因素研究

近年来,农民工的养老问题逐步凸显出来,他们的养老保险参保率普遍偏低,影响到了这一群体今后的养老．农民工作为社会弱势群体的构成部分之一,其养老保险状况是关系到社会和谐的一个重要问题。提高农民工养老保险的参保率,解除他们的后顾之忧,无论是对维护社会稳定,还是对构建和谐社会、促进经济发展都具有重要的意义。