图解“国家情报模式（NIM）”

国家情报模式（NIM）是英国警务实施的国家改革项目,该项目制定了一套比较科学的国家情报标准,2002年英国警察改革法案颁布了135个国家情报模式运行最低标准,可从NIM业务处理流程图上看,这些标准主要涉及11个方面。     

浅析利用情报信息实施“精确打击”刑事犯罪的条件及模式

实施"精确打击"刑事犯罪,最重要的是综合利用情报信息,包括对犯罪情报信息的采集、分析和利用,实现犯罪打击从粗放型向集约型的转变。应充分认识"精确打击"的适用条件和要求,运用犯罪信息指导防控模式和打击刑事犯罪的信息导侦模式,对犯罪实施精确防控与打击。     

人文荟萃能筑巢引凤吗？ ——基于人文适宜性的中国人才区域集聚研究

经济地理学的适宜性理论认为，经济适宜性和自然适宜性对人才分布具有决定性作用，但是伴 随着人均收入水平的提高，人文适宜性对人才的吸引力有逐步增强的趋势。研究利用全国层面的城市—人才数 据对人文适宜性的人才集聚效应进行了验证。研究发现：经济和自然适宜性依然对人才分布具有决定性作用， 但人文适宜性也已成为中国城市吸纳人才的一个有利因素；电影院、文化馆等具有国情特色的人文适宜性设施 对人才的区域分布具有显著而稳健的影响；人文适宜性是人才集聚的原因而非结果；随着人文适宜性相关设施 的存量不断积累，其吸纳人才的能力和规模不会边际递减，反而有累积递增的倾向。研究建议，在人文适宜性 塑造时应突出“中国特色”，打造“经济—自然—人文”三位一体的品质城市，以吸引人才集聚。     

Measuring the impact of law enforcement on organized crime

This article explores the possibility of measuring the impact of law enforcement on organized crime in a reliable and accountable manner, both in general terms and with a practical focus on the Canadian context. In considering measures to combat organized crime, a focus on process measurement has obscured the more substantial question of progress as regards the dependent variable itself: the bottom line of reducing the impact of organized criminal behaviour. While outcome measures are more challenging to identify than process measures, this fact alone does not minimize the need to demonstrate the connection between organized crime enforcement and its presumed outcomes to a greater degree of certainty. To date, this has not been realized to any significant degree, as revealed by a review of existing international approaches to measuring the impact of enforcement activity. The article argues that a multidisciplinary focus on community level indicators of crime, if initially less accessible than process measures of impact on organized crime groups, offers promise as a measurement of absolute and relative impact of state investment in enforcement.

Ambient Intelligence, Criminal Liability and Democracy

In this contribution we will explore some of the implications of the vision of Ambient Intelligence (AmI) for law and legal philosophy. AmI creates an environment that monitors and anticipates human behaviour with the aim of customised adaptation of the environment to a person’s inferred preferences. Such an environment depends on distributed human and non-human intelligence that raises a host of unsettling questions around causality, subjectivity, agency and (criminal) liability. After discussing the vision of AmI we will present relevant research in the field of philosophy of technology, inspired by the post-phenomenological position taken by Don Ihde and the constructivist realism of Bruno Latour. We will posit the need to conceptualise technological normativity in comparison with legal normativity, claiming that this is necessary to develop democratic accountability for the implications of emerging technologies like AmI. Lastly we will investigate to what extent technological devices and infrastructures can and should be used to achieve compliance with the criminal law, and we will discuss some of the implications of non-human distributed intelligence for criminal liability.

Responsibility Determination: Free Will and Legal Responsibility in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Free will is the foundation of determination of responsibility. Genetic enginnering represented by technologies of gene editing, artificial medical devices and AI have fundamentally challenged the concept of free will and so have significantly influenced determination of legal responsibility. These challenges are fundamental, not instrumental, and can be divided into two aspects in legal philosophy. First, the direct challenge, that is, the emerging technology represented by genetic engineering and artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) has challenged the concept of free will. Second the would-be ultimate challenge, that is, presented by an artificial general intelligence (AGI) agent that is considered to reach humanlevel free will, can be a legal subject, thus taking full legal responsibility. The direct challenge constitutes a new “forgiveness” condition for taking responsibility. The would-be ultimate challenge deserves significant attention, because the concept of free will is not only about human responsibility, but also about human dignity.     

论"人-机"智能系统与超常性军事思维

提高战场的感知系统、传输系统和思维中介系统的效能,是信息化军事革命追求的一个重要目标。信息传感技术的发展深刻地改变了军事思维要素,使超常性军事思维呈现出“人—机”结合、人主机辅的特征。     

人工智能技术应用会减少制造业企业的就业机会吗？ ——以珠江三角洲制造业企业为例

在人工智能背景下，智能化转型成为许多企业的发展方向，然而在智能化设备代替人类工作者的过程中，新技术是否会带来失业问题成为社会讨论的焦点。本研究通过对珠江三角洲部分制造业企业进行问卷调查，并从智能化升级前后的员工总体数量变化、具体部门人数变化、员工工资收入变化以及企业的人力资源需求变化等四个方面进行分析。研究结果显示： (1)人工智能技术对企业员工存在一定程度的替代效应，但 效果并不明显；(2)人工智能技术对部门结构进行重塑，将员工引向与人工智能技术相关的工作岗位上： (3)人工智能技术在企业中的应用对转岗员工收入的提升起到积极作用： (4)人工智能技术的各项优势以及在企业中起到的积极作用并不意味着劳动者被淘汰，反而增加了企业的劳动力需求。     

The Influence of Emotional Labor and Emotional Intelligence on Job Performance: Does Ownership Type Matter? A Comparison of Public and Private Organizations in China

ABSTRACT

Given the limited knowledge about the effect of contextual factors of organizational ownership types on emotional labor, this research addresses two main questions: (1) whether emotional labor varies among organizations with different ownership types; and (2) whether emotional labor and emotional intelligence relate to job performance in different ways in public and private organizations. This paper examines the research questions with 306 self-report questionnaires from the public sector, domestic privately-owned enterprises and foreign-invested firms in China. Significant differences were found in the emotional labor reported in public and private organizations. Overall, emotional labor was found to have a significant effect on in-role performance, and emotional intelligence moderated the link between emotional labor and job performance in public organizations, but not in private organizations.     

人工智能与公共管理研究:技术可能性、议题重构和治理创新

人工智能对于人类社会的变革影响引起了公共管理领域的普遍重视,但在强人工智能以及人工智能必然导致自动化、智能化社会形态的前提假设下,相关研究可能继承了技术决定论的局限思维,从而低估了人工智能对于人类社会的潜在贡献。自然科学视角对于强人工智能的否定揭示了人工智能所具有的多种技术可能性,在此基础上从个体、组织、全球三个层面的议题重构更多强调人类自身以及人类社会活动的产物对于人工智能发展及其社会变革过程的影响,而由此启发学科、制度、政策三方面治理创新进而推动相关理论和实践以更为开放的态度面对新技术带来的变革与影响。