On the Legal Regulation of Algorithms

Increasingly, algorithms challenge legal regulations, and also challenge the right to explanation, personal privacy and freedom, and individual equal protection. As decision-making mechanisms for human-machine interaction, algorithms are not value-neutral and should be legally regulated. Algorithm disclosure, personal data empowerment, and anti-algorithmic discrimination are traditional regulatory methods relating to algorithms, but mechanically using these methods presents difficulties in feasibility and desirability. Algorithm disclosure faces difficulties such as technical infeasibility, meaningless disclosure, user gaming and intellectual property right infringement. And personal data empowerment faces difficulties such as personal difficulty in exercising data rights and excessive personal data empowerment, making it difficult for big data and algorithms to operate effectively. Anti-algorithmic discrimination faces difficulties such as non-machine algorithmic discrimination, impossible status neutrality, and difficult realization of social equality. Taking scenarios of algorithms lightly is the root cause of the traditional algorithm regulation path dilemma. Algorithms may differ in attributes due to specific algorithmic subjects, objects and domains involved. Therefore, algorithm regulation should be developed and employed based on a case-by-case approach to the development of accountable algorithms. Following these development principles, specific rules can be enacted to regulate algorithm disclosure, data empowerment, and anti-algorithmic discrimination.     

预防脱贫人口返贫的“三扶”路径研究——以中天金融帮扶团结村为例

贵州是西部地区脱贫攻坚的主战场,帮助贫困群众实现精准脱贫是一大根本任务,目前精准脱贫工作已取得了显著性的成效。预防脱贫人口返贫已成为2020年全面建成小康社会后一段时期的关键性任务。“扶智”“扶心”和“扶志”可以提升脱贫人口的生存与发展能力,增强脱贫人口致富的信心和主观能动性。因此,“三扶”能够有效地预防脱贫人口的返贫。通过总结中天金融帮扶团结村精准脱贫的实践经验,探索出可持续发展的“扶智”路径、消除顾虑的“扶心”路径以及融合“三变”的“扶志”路径。     

Characterization and differentiation of aluminum powders used in improvised explosive devices – Part 1: Proof of concept of the utility of particle micromorphometry

Aluminum (Al) powders are commonly used in improvised explosive devices as metallic fuels, a component of explosive mixtures. These powders can be obtained readily from industrial‐scale and consumer products, and produced using unsophisticated “kitchen chemistry” techniques. This research demonstrates the potential of automated particle micromorphometry for comparisons between known source and questioned Al powders recovered from IEDs, as well as for insight into the method of Al powder manufacture. Al powder samples were obtained from legitimate manufacturers, and 56 samples were produced “in‐house” from Al‐containing spray paints and ball‐milled Al foils. Transmitted light microscope images of Al powder particles were acquired using an automated stage with automated z‐focus; 17 size and shape parameters were measured for all particles. Approximately 37,000–2,500,000 particles/sample were analyzed using an open‐source statistical package with customized code. Dimensionality reduction was required for processing the large datasets: eight of the 17 measured variables were selected based on inspection of the correlation matrix. Data from four subsamples from each of the 56 samples produced using “in‐house” methods were analyzed using ANOVA to assess the within‐ and between‐sample variation. High within‐sample variation was noted; however, ANOVA and post‐hoc Tukey's honestly significant difference (HSD) tests demonstrated that the between‐sample variation was substantially larger than the within‐sample variation. Each sample could be differentiated from all other samples in the test set. Future experiments will focus on ways to reduce the within‐sample variation, and additional statistical and microanalytical methods to classify sources and confidently constrain the method of Al powder manufacture.     

互联网+社工：提升社会治理能力的新路径

互联网+社会工作（简称互联网+社工）作为提升社会治理能力的新路径，正在改变着社会治理的传统范式。它回应了社会治理能力提升的新需求，实现了与社会治理新需求的有机契合。这种新路径，能使多元合作领域得以拓展，各类服务资源无缝链接，福利服务载体丰富多样，专业助人手段智能升级，社会治理绩效持续提升。面对智能化时代的新挑战，社会工作部门需要及时重塑行为模式，转变专业角色:一是要突出共建共治共享，从各自为战转向协同创新；二是要强调快速灵活精准，从行为悬浮转向科学介入；三是要升级资源链接方式，从简单应急转向无缝对接；四是要重塑专业关系网络，从关系疏远转向专业跟进；五是要倡导多元合作协同，从单一线下转向复合智能。新时代的互联网+社工，必须坚持以智能化升级为取向，在专业介入的机制、方法、程序、资源、品牌中融入科技变量，不断在优化新机制、升级新方法、开发新程序、链接新资源和拓展新品牌等方面取得新的突破。     

资质才能与分配正义

在市场经济条件下，分配差异与资质才能具有直接的根本性关联，分配正义的权利依据就归结为对资质才能的权利问题，美国学罗尔斯和诺齐克由于在资质才能的权利归属上有不同见解，因而坚持不同的分配正义原则。社会和个人对资质才能都拥有权利，是双重拥有，社会一方面应该承认资质才能的差别，保护因此差异而获得有差等的利益权利，另一方面也要通过对财富一定程度的集中再分配支持因先天不利等原因导致的较少受惠和社会弱势人群。社会基本结构的设计与制度创新民须使有利和不利的利益分配实现一种恰当的平衡。     

东亚区域经济合作中的云南易制毒特殊化学物品管理模式探讨

《中国—东盟全面经济合作框架协议》的建立 ,将促进中国乃至云南的经济高速发展。公安禁毒部门如何保障东亚区域经济合作中易制毒特殊化学物品的正常贸易 ,有效遏制易制毒特殊化学物品流入非法渠道 ,是今后一个时期内我国禁毒斗争中必须面临的新课题。借助网络电子信息平台 ,做好易制毒特殊化学物品的管理与控制 ,是其管理中的新模式。     

An Exploratory Study of Emotional Intelligence and Domestic Abuse

To date, there is no literature specifically addressing the relationship between spousal battering and emotional intelligence, a concept that captures the success, or lack thereof, of a person's functioning in their immediate environment. Forty-four men convicted of spousal assault and 76 undergraduate students completed the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQ-i; R. Bar-On, BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory: User's Manual, Multi-Health Systems, Inc., Toronto, 1997), the Propensity for Abusiveness Scale (PAS; D. G. Dutton, J. Fam. Violence 10(2): 203–221, 1995), and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (D. Paulhus, J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 46: 598–609, 1984; Assessing Self-Deception and Impression Management in Self-Reports: The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, Unpublished manual, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada, 1988; In Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 17–59, 1991). Results of this exploratory study indicate that batterers score significantly lower than the general population on all components of EQ-i. Additionally EQ-i total and subscale scores for both samples correlate negatively and significantly with scores on PAS, suggesting that deficits in various components of emotional intelligence are related to an increase in the propensity to be abusive. Implications for batterer treatment are discussed.     

反恐怖情报若干问题研究

收集反恐怖情报是反恐怖斗争取胜的关键,在反恐怖情报的收集阶段主要包括几个方面:反恐怖情报的概念、反恐怖情 报收集的意义、原则、反恐怖情报的不同分类以及反恐怖情报收集等方面,有效的收集反恐怖情报,可以挫败恐怖主义分子进行恐怖 活动的阴谋,把恐怖主义活动的阴谋扼杀于恐怖活动的预谋阶段。     

Artificial Intelligence and Technology in Teaching Negotiation

Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), affective computing, and big‐data techniques are improving the ways that humans negotiate and learn to negotiate. These technologies, long deployed in industry and academic research, are now being adopted for educational use. We describe several systems that help human negotiators evaluate and learn from role‐play simulations as well as applications that help human instructors teach negotiators at the individual, team, and organizational levels. AI can enable the personalization of negotiation instruction, taking into consideration factors such as culture and bias. These tools will enable improvements not only in the teaching of negotiation, but also in teaching humans how to program and collaborate with technology‐based negotiation systems, including avatars and computer‐controlled negotiation agents. These advances will provide theoretical and practical insights, require serious consideration of ethical issues, and revolutionize the way we practice and teach negotiation.     

试论禁毒部门的反情报对策

情报工作在侦破毒品违法犯罪案件中有着举足轻重的作用。随着禁毒工作加强 ,毒品违法犯罪分子的反情报能力也更加全面。针对当前毒品违法犯罪分子反情报活动的特点 ,各级禁毒部门应当采取相应对策 ,以在禁毒斗争中取得主动。其对策为 :一是加强禁毒部门的反情报意识 ;二是严防出版物泄密 ;三是加强情报安全 ;四是建立快速反应机制 ;五是加强禁毒谋略的运用。