邓小平在中国现代化史上的地位

邓小平在中国现代化史上有着特殊的地位,这主要在于:一是他比较成功地解决了中国现代化史上困惑了几代人的一个关键问题———中国现代化与资本主义的关系。历史证明,如何正确对待资本主义的问题是中国现代化发展中的一个关键问题。邓小平从多方面正确地回答了中国社会主义现代化为什么和怎样利用资本主义,从而实现了中国现代化道路探索中的一个重大突破;二是从中国现代化的实际和内在要求出发,依据当代中国现代化面临的条件,领导人民开辟了一条中国现代化的必由之路———改革开放;三是解决了如何通过社会主义实现现代化的大问题。邓小平把社会主义与市场经济联系起来,提出社会主义市场经济理论,这就更新了社会主义观念。在政治上,他强调建立民主法制国家,并初步创立了一个中国特色的可持续发展的现代化发展模式,从而突破了苏联模式的束缚,使中国现代化走出了困境,取得了举世瞩目的成就。     

In the eye of the beholder: Meaning and structure of informal status in women's and men's prisons*

Applying an abductive mixed‐methods approach, we investigate the informal status systems in three women's prison units (across two prisons) and one men's prison unit. Qualitative analyses suggest “old head” narratives—where age, time in prison, sociability, and prison wisdom confer unit status—are prevalent across all four contexts. Perceptions of maternal “caregivers” and manipulative “bullies,” however, are found only in the three women's units. The qualitative findings inform formal network analyses by differentiating “positive,” “neutral,” and “negative” status nominations, with “negative” ties primarily absent from the men's unit. Within the women's units, network analyses find that high‐status women are likely to receive both positive and negative peer nominations, such that evaluations depend on who is doing the evaluating. Comparing the women's and men's networks, the correlates of positive and neutral ties are generally the same and center on covariates of age, getting along with others, race, and religion. Overall, the study points to important similarities and differences in status across the gendered prison contexts, while demonstrating how a sequential mixed‐methods design can illuminate both the meaning and the structure of prison informal organization.     

Suicidal Drug Overdoses in New Mexico: A 5‐year Retrospective Review

To better understand the changing toxicology trends in suicidal drug overdoses in the setting of an increased national trend of multidrug overdoses, a retrospective review of electronic records from New Mexico's Office of the Medical Investigator database was performed between 2008 and 2012 to assess the drug type and current risk factors in suicide deaths. Information on demographics, circumstances, suicide risk factors, toxicology findings, and death certificates was collected and analyzed. Three hundred and forty‐two suicide cases of suicide overdoses were identified. Decedents were predominantly female (61.8%). Scene investigation revealed risk factors including suicide ideation (47.4%), previous suicide attempts (38%), and suicide note (38%). Psychiatric illness was present in 72% of cases, with depression being the most common illness. Chronic pain was seen in 27.2% of cases. Most deaths were attributed to multiple drugs (76%). Utilizing the toxicology information will assist in creating public awareness and provide a framework to support targeted efforts to attempt to prevent future suicides.     

The Conditioning Effects of Race and Gender on the Juvenile Court Outcomes of Delinquent and “Neglected” Types of Offenders

Drawing upon concepts from prior research that emphasize race and gender stereotyping, the present research compares how delinquent and “neglected” types of offenses (i.e. status offenses, probation violations, youth charged with contempt) are treated across three juvenile court outcomes. Beyond how offense type may directly impact case outcomes, we also investigated whether race and gender influenced juvenile justice processing within each offense type. Using data from two Mid-Atlantic States, results indicated that type of offense, race, and gender resulted in both severe and lenient case outcomes depending on the stage examined. By including different types of offenses that represent a significant percentage of youth that have been relatively neglected in prior research, the current study provides greater insight into the contexts of race and gender disparities in juvenile justice decision-making. The implications of the findings and directions for future research are also discussed.     

大学生马克思主义财富观教育再探

大学生财富观现状:过分夸大财富的作用、追求财富表现出急功近利的浮躁心态、在财富支配上的非理性、财富创造能力欠缺等方面。而产生这些问题的原因主要有中西方传统财富观中消极因素的影响,家庭与学校教育的不到位及大学生自身思想认识存在偏差等。当代大学生财富观所存在的问题表明,很有必要在大学生中系统地开展以马克思主义财富观为核心的财富观教育,以帮助大学生树立健康的财富观。     

思想政治工作进社团的现状分析与对策思考

学生社团对于新时期加强和改进大学生的思想政治教育工作具有十分重要的意义。加强高校学生社团建设,推进思想政治工作进社团,既是高校改进思想政治工作方式、提高工作实效的必然选择,也是高等学校人才培养目标的客观要求。针对当前学生社团组织的相对松散性,成立的相对自发性,指导的相对薄弱性,方式的相对滞后性,提出了“思想上引导、数量上推进、运作上整合、质量上提升”的思想政治教育工作进学生社团的工作思路。     

论建立和完善中国特色的仲裁制度——中国仲裁制度述评

仲裁制度一直是中国法学界边缘化的研究课题,尽管也有一些或系统或零散的著述,但大都从纯理论的角度研究,很少有在调查研究基础上的实证研究成果。该文在作者深入具有代表性的地方仲裁机构充分调研的基础上,剖析了中国仲裁业发展的历程和现状,尤其是逐一剖析了地方仲裁业发展存在的诸多问题,并提出了解决对策。同时,提出了切实可行的仲裁业发展目标及实现目标的具体路径。     

论刑事和解制度存在的合理性

关于我国是否应该引进刑事和解制度,理论界的分歧很大。刑事和解制度有利于人权的保障,也符合诉讼效率和诉讼经济的要求。我们应当在刑事诉讼中积极引进刑事和解制度,在法律中对刑事和解制度的适用条件、范围和操作程序等作出详细规定。     

对“大学生村官”计划的解读与思考

“大学生村官”计划是自实施以来受到社会的普遍关注,它是国家的导向性政策,从法律层面来看是一种行政指导行为。“大学生村官”确切的说是村官的助理,实施这一计划有其深刻的社会背景和曲折的发展进程,同时也在法律层面、制度层面存在着一些尚待解决的难题。     

故意传播艾滋病行为的刑法适用

故意传播艾滋病的行为,不构成我国刑法中的传播性病罪,在当代的医疗水平下,可以认为该行为构成故意杀人罪。在审判时,被害人没有死亡的,只能追究行为人故意杀人未遂的刑事责任。经被害人承诺的故意传播艾滋病行为,也构成故意杀人罪。危及公共安全的故意传播艾滋病行为则会构成以危险方法危害公共安全罪。