The impact of timing and frequency of parental criminal behaviour and risk factors on offspring offending

This paper explores mechanisms of intergenerational transmission of criminal behaviour by investigating specifically the timing and frequency of the parents' criminal behaviour while including risk factors for criminal behaviour. The results demonstrate a dose–response relationship: parents' number of criminal convictions is positively related to offspring's conviction rate. Furthermore, children whose parents had only been convicted before the child's birth have more convictions than those whose parents had never been convicted. Children whose parents had been convicted after the child's birth have more convictions than those whose parents had only been convicted before the child's birth, but this difference can be explained partly by the observation that the latter group had fewer risk factors for crime. When parental convictions at different ages were examined, children whose parents had been convicted between their 7th and 13th birthdays exhibit more criminal behaviour than children whose parents were convicted in other periods, but none of the differences were significant. There does not appear to be a sensitive period for the impact of parental criminal behaviour. The results demonstrate support for static as well as dynamic explanations of intergenerational transmission such as the transmission of a criminogenic environment and/or mediation through risk factors.     

Fertility and migration in the heart of the industrial revolution

Using research into the formation of industrial populations in the nineteenth century, this article examines the relationships between immigration and natality in Tilleur, an exemplary locality for studying the industrial revolution in Belgium. The main purpose is to test the general hypothesis positing a distinction between a foundation phase and a maturation phase in the process through which an industrial population is formed. The results are a contribution to the debate about the beginning of the fertility transition in industrial cities, and its relations to differential nuptiality and fertility in light of spatial origins.     

Stopping the Cycle of Child Abuse and Neglect: A Call to Action to Focus on Pregnant and Parenting Youth in and Aging Out of the Foster Care System

Each year, a significant number of adolescents become pregnant in the United States, with more than half of these pregnancies resulting in live births. Adolescent parenting is associated with poor outcomes, including increased risk of child maltreatment. Youth “aging out” of the foster care system may be at greater risk of maltreating their children due to their experiences of child maltreatment, a lack of social support, and little preparation for parenthood. This article examines current programs and policies targeting pregnant and parenting youth aging out and presents a research agenda that focuses on pregnancy prevention and positive parenting.     

易扶安置区风险链:易地扶贫搬迁安置区社会稳定风险的一个解释框架

易地扶贫搬迁初期,政府和移民对贫困认知存在分歧,搬迁便意味着风险环境酝酿。生活过渡期,由于政府扶持政策的脱节,移民的生计存在可持续困境,加之被激活的发展渴求,风险便被移民感知,谨慎抵抗抑或自助便成常态。而在社会放大机制下,这些不稳定要素便有了酿成社会稳定风险的可能,表现出“风险环境—风险感知—风险行为—社会放大—社会稳定风险”的风险传导链特征,呈现出双向传递性、集聚性和扩散性。如此,为实现安置区的稳定发展,应加快构建易扶安置区社会稳定风险预警指标体系,做好风险评估,并有针对性地探索形成基于安置区特征的有效治理路径。     

IS THE ANTISOCIAL CHILD FATHER OF THE ABUSIVE MAN? A 40‐YEAR PROSPECTIVE LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL ANTECEDENTS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE*

This prospective longitudinal study examined whether early childhood risk factors contributed to explaining and predicting intimate partner violence (IPV) in midadulthood. Participants included 202 men from the Cambridge longitudinal study who were in an intimate relationship in their mid‐40s. Neuropsychological deficits and the presence of a criminogenic family environment were measured between ages 8 and 10. Antisocial behavior was measured between ages 8 and 18. IPV was measured at age 48 using a self‐report instrument completed by the participants' female partners. Perpetration and victimization rates were relatively high; violence was mostly mutual, and men were more likely to be victims than perpetrators. Findings indicate that a criminogenic environment increases the risk of IPV by fostering the development of antisocial behavior and neuropsychological deficits. A link also exists between a high level of antisocial behavior during adolescence and the risk of IPV later in life. The results suggest the presence of both continuity and discontinuity of antisocial behavior as childhood risk factors that increase the likelihood of future involvement in IPV, but the role of these risk factors is modest.     

Affect Regulation and the Cycle of Violence Against Women: New Directions for Understanding the Process

The process of the intergenerational transmission of violence is not well understood. A risk and resilience model of criminal violence against women was investigated using secondary data. The sample was composed of adolescent male juvenile delinquents who had been physically abused by their parents, and who were followed up at ages 25 and 31. A series of structural equation models were fit to investigate whether dysregulated affect mediated the effects of attachment and family chaos on the adult perpetration of violence against women. These models support the hypothesis that affect dysregulation may act as a mediator. Results raise new ideas about the mechanisms by which violence may be transmitted across generations.     

“动新闻事件”与台湾媒体素养教育——基于批判媒体教育学的视角

"动新闻"是当代数字传媒以写实的手法通过动漫的方式所呈现的一种新闻样式。"动新闻"的内容大多为负面社会新闻,不利于阅听人的身心健康,在传播上可以通过手机或网络下载阅读。台湾壹传媒旗下的《苹果日报》推出"动新闻"后,因其报道内容膻色腥而震惊全岛,激起"动新闻事件"。这一事件深刻反映了媒体产品形态与内容、媒体市场赢利与社会责任、媒体自律与他律等关系的相互纠结。因此,详细剖析"动新闻事件"引发的争议,从批判媒体教育学视角解析"动新闻"的传播模式,分析"动新闻事件"背后的媒体素养教育观,阐明台湾媒体素养教育的实践困境并提出相关对策,对"动新闻"的传播和阅听人媒体素养的形成具有重要的意义和价值。     

自媒体对公安机关形象的消极影响及应对措施

随着自媒体行业的快速发展,网络信息的传播呈现新的传播态势。自媒体自身的特点及其独特的传播方式使大量有关公安工作的负面信息得以滋生和流转,对公安机关的形象产生了消极影响,进而削弱了警察权威,降低了执法公信力,不利于公安工作的顺利开展。对此,公安机关应从抓好自身建设做起,加强网络监管,做好舆论引导,及时有效地处理好公安形象危机问题,重树公安机关良好形象,更好地为人民服务。     

对魏伊丝代际公平说的全面反思

为保护地球环境资源而创设的代际公平理论是建立在两个错误认识的基础上的,即把集合概念的人类视为类概念的人类和把地球环境资源财产化。假如没有后代人,人们也同样应该承担保护地球环境的义务。魏伊丝舍今世而求助于后代人及其权利,其原因在于权利时代所型塑出来的权利思维模式和路径依赖。虽然代际公平理论能够给我们提供观察和解决环境问题的时间视角,但它本身并不是什么新的法律理念,无法担负起指导现代环境法制建设和环境保护实践的重任。     

低压架空线路雷电感应过电压计算

低压架空线路在野外与雷击点距离较近或由于与建筑物避雷引下线的距离较近,因雷电电磁场作用于架空线路,在线上产生的感应过电压会造成线路对杆塔横担闪络.采用电磁场理论,分析了低压架空线路旁接闪物体及架空线路高度、线路与雷击点间距等参数对架空线路感应过电压的影响,推导出了架空线路附近出现雷击时在架空线路上的感应过电压计算公式.