农村亲子关系的问题及其调适——以代沟理论为视角

亲予关系联系的是年龄、心理、思想观念、行为方式、成长环境、教育背景、生活环境、生活阅历都非常不相同的两代人，它是家庭人际关系的核心内容之一。亲子关系不同于夫妻关系，其研究有独特的视角。在代沟理论下考察农村亲子关系的现状及存在的问题，寻找调适途径，以积极的交流和沟通方式以及尊重和宽容的心态改变家庭教养方式，促进亲代的继续社会化，是消除代际对立、建立和谐亲子关系的有效方法。     

广告的文化认同

广告以文化作为附加值已经广泛地用于广告创意中,并取得良好效果。这类广告常常通过唤起受众的文化认同以实现文化共享,使受众在充溢着文化品味的氛围中消除对商品广告的偏见,从而达到预期的传播目的。其传播原理为:广告通过某种特定文化意涵引起受众认同;广告用以负载特定文化意涵的符号为广大受众认知、识别和理解,传受之间实现相同含义的交流;同时,广告的文化认同使之具有传播和推销文化的作用。     

英语语法教学之我见

语法教学曾长期垄断我国的英语教学,又曾受到最严厉的批评,甚至有人提出要完全抛弃语法教学。针对目前教学中所遇到的新问题,结合中国学生的特点以及中国英语老师的实际情况,对语法教学进行分析,语法教学在中国依然非常重要。     

Mothers of children removed under a care order: outcomes and experiences

ABSTRACT

Focusing on accounts by women who have children taken into care, this paper reports on a socio-legal case study in England, investigating the life experiences of nine mothers, whose children have been made subject to care orders under the Children Act 1989. In particular it considers the women’s experiences of their relationships with their own mothers and places this within the context of the mothers’ own experiences of having their children taken into care. Drawing on free association narrative interviews, the study focuses on the mothers’ accounts of long-term harm that began in their childhoods, especially their experiences of their mothers’ own difficulties and of their experiences of harm. It highlights the impact of relationship difficulties between mother and child, and questions how the legal concepts of harm and reasonable parental care are defined and deployed. In conclusion, it demonstrates a need for the legal framework to address children’s experiences of harm in a more intergenerational and intersubjective way. It highlights a new approach, suggesting consideration of harm, reasonable parental care and welfare to involve an increased concentration on the welfare of mothers and the relationship between mother and child, akin to an intersubjective and intergenerational approach to harm.     

明末清初“西学东渐”对纳兰性德的影响

清初西学在中国的传播,可由纳兰性德《通志堂集》所含西学知识窥见一斑。《通志堂集》为清初学者徐乾学于纳兰逝后所编,其中有若干内容涉及西学知识,包括天文历法、科技制作、医药学、宗教及语言文字等方面。纳兰西学知识的来源,其中对自鸣钟的了解,来自于直接接触实物,其他则主要依赖阅读与传闻。纳兰直接阅读过的西学书籍至少有《七克》和《西儒耳目资》,很可能还包括《泰西水法》,但他未必通读过李之藻编的《天学初函》。纳兰对西方实用的科技制作以及天文历法持赞叹与肯定态度,而对天主教为传播教义攻击佛道的做法则有所不满。纳兰的西学知识一定程度上反映了西学于清初在东方传播、影响的广度和深度,而他对“西学东渐”的态度在清初一般士人中亦具有一定的代表性。     

The Characteristics of Countries with Generational Account Imbalances

This article empirically tests competing explanations for intergenerational policy differences using a cross section of generational accounts from Kotlikoff and Leibfritz (1999). Generational imbalance rises when a public transfer program is created that benefits living generations and harms future generations. Generational imbalance is greatest in countries with a large elderly population, high income growth rate, greater income inequality, and dispersed political parties. The results are consistent with successful rent seeking by the elderly and poor, and suggest that countries with a high income growth rate and coalition government are less able to resist intergenerational redistribution.     

The Impact of Birth Order on Intergenerational Transmission of Attitudes from Parents to Adolescent Sons: The Israeli Case

This study deals with birth order and its impact on intergenerational transmission of parental attitudes to adolescent sons in Israeli society. The sample included 294 participants (including 98 mothers, 98 fathers, and 98 sons). The attitudes chosen were key issues of concern in Israeli society: gender role attitudes, ethnic stereotypes, and attitudes toward immigrants from the former USSR (disposition toward contact and empathy toward immigrants). The findings indicate that birth order impacts on intergenerational transmission of attitudes from parents to adolescents, although the nature of this impact is different for mothers and fathers. The correlation between fathers' attitudes and those of their sons were strongest for the firstborn, and decreased according to birth order. The reverse trend was found for mothers. In addition, firstborns expressed greater willingness to approach immigrants than did middle and younger children. Regarding gender role attitudes and ethnic stereotypes, no impact was found for birth order. Compared with other family members, mothers expressed the most liberal gender role attitudes, and children expressed the least stereotyped attitudes toward ethnic groups, especially compared with their fathers.     

中阳民间剪纸文化的保护与发展

根植于吕梁山区,汲五千年黄河文化之乳汁,生长于华夏文明之沃土的中阳剪纸,有着独特的创作风格和传承途径。在当前经济浪潮的推动下,中阳剪纸出现了新的变化,传统的功能面临消失,新的价值面临选择。面对这些新的发展变化,当地政府和人民根据自己的实际情况,提出了若干有效的意见和建议,并付诸实际行动,旨在保护和传承当地的优秀文化,使中阳民间剪纸能够走出山西,走向全国,走向世界。     

信息网络传播权的适用靳学军

制定《世界知识产权组织版权公约》(WCT)第8条是为了将数字网络中的作品传播权纳入到著作权中。我国著作权法中信息网络传播权的立法目的与WCT第8条相同。不能脱离数字网络传播方式来理解“选定的时间和地点”要件。数字网络传播具有交互性,即在数字网络中,数字信号是否开始向某个特定用户传输由该用户“在其个人选定的时间和地点”决定。从文义解释出发,数字网络传播也应适用信息网络传播权。为弥补立法缺陷,可以删除“选定的时间和地点”要件,合并广播权,确立实至名归的信息网络传播权。     

Intergenerational Transmission of Convictions for Different Types of Offenses

The Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development is a prospective longitudinal survey of 411 London males from age 8 to age 56. This article compares the convictions of 343 adult sons (searched up to the median age of 29) with the convictions of their fathers up to the same age. There was significant intergenerational transmission of convictions, since 43% of the sons of convicted fathers were themselves convicted, compared with 18% of the sons of unconvicted fathers. There was significant intergenerational transmission of burglary, serious and minor theft, violence, threatening behavior, carrying an offensive weapon, and serious motoring offenses. The most important mediators between parental and child convictions were the family renting rather than owning their own home, poor parental supervision, an antiestablishment attitude of the father, parental physical punishment of the child, and separation of the son from his father. Implications for the prevention of intergenerational transmission are drawn.