The impact of governance on education inequality: Evidence from Bangladesh

Bangladesh has made remarkable progress in increasing education access in the last 20 years. However, substantial inequalities in educational attainment remain even though equity in education is a central government objective. The article argues that weaknesses in education sector governance are crucial to understanding these persistent inequalities. At the level of the budget, anti‐poor biases in allocation decisions are shown to be the result of the budget's role in political management and the lack of effective accountability mechanisms. The spearhead of government attempts to address education inequality at the primary level has been the conditional cash transfer programme for poor children. The article shows that the programme has failed to target the poor and suggests that this has been due to the weaknesses and contradictions in the governance of the programme. Strengthening the links between policy and implementation through improvements in the governance of the sector are crucial if inequality is to be addressed and national education goals achieved. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国农村剩余劳动力转移的有序化

我国农村剩余劳动力转移的无序状况需要采取一条系统化途径 ,从整体上推进有序化转移。即启动国家大工程建设 ;积极发展小城镇和妥善发展大中城市 ;优化农村投资环境 ,吸引“回流” ;提高劳动者素质 ,促进农村经济发展。     

民营加工贸易企业路在何方？——逆全球化新特点下的应对机制

在逆经济全球化倾向由民间掀起发展为由政府推动的新特点下，双边或区域性自由贸易协定开始肢解以世界贸易组织为核心的多边贸易和投资全球治理体制。中国代工企业不但要面对国内经济高速发展带来生产要素价格上升使其在国际分工中比较优势下降的压力，而且还要面对因发达国家跨国公司全球价值链进行区域内重新架构后被边缘化和剔除的外部冲击。研究发现，政府深化“放管服”改革优化营商环境与企业家发挥学习、创新、冒险精神是代工企业突破困境的有效手段。一方面，政府可以通过法规政策创新、管理方式创新、融资渠道创新进行制度创新改善企业外部生态系统；另一方面，代工企业经营者也应发挥企业家精神，利用市场机制通过“借鸡下蛋”链内升级、“送旧迎新”跨链转型、“东成西就”域间腾挪策略，苦练内功增强企业国际竞争力。     

高职生英语写作中的母语负迁移现象及教学对策

母语负迁移在外语学习中不可避免，对英语写作的影响甚为明显。本文针对高职高专商务英语专业学生在英文写作中出现的问题，从词汇、句法、语篇三个层面分析母语负迁移现象，并尝试提出几种可行的教学对策，以期提高学生的英文写作能力。     

“实际劳动权”的理念塑造与现实作用

劳动者是否有权要求实际从事约定的工作,对这一问题我国现行劳动法中没有明确的答案,学术界也基本没有相关讨论,现实生活中,用人单位随意安排劳动者＂待岗＂或者＂调职＂的现象却不少见。德国法经过多年司法实践的发展,逐步承认了一般条件下用人单位有义务在劳动关系存续期间按照合同约定安排劳动者工作,完善了对劳动者＂实际劳动权＂的保护。借鉴德国法的经验,在我国确立＂实际劳动权＂,不仅体现了劳动法理念的进步,而且有利于促进劳动合同实际履行,规范劳动合同变更。     

International advocacy for contract-based public private partnerships through case studies: a re-interpretation of Southern Cross Station,Melbourne

In response to urban infrastructure deficits, international organisations, such as the United Nations, encourage governments to harness private finance. Contract-based Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) represent one policy option enabling infrastructure to be privately financed and constructed, and for service provision to occur. With PPPs also a contested policy option, private sector policy intermediaries advocate for their adoption, including through the selective promotion of case studies. In recognition that favourable case study narratives may leach out local context, a multi-dimensional analytical framework is introduced distinguishing between de-institutionalised, aspatial, non-historical, uncritical and non-futuristic perspectives. Recently the private sector-led World Economic Forum published ‘Harnessing Public-Private Cooperation to Deliver the New Urban Agenda’, which reported upon the PPP-led development of Spencer Street (or Southern Cross) Station in Melbourne, Australia. In deploying the framework, this paper concludes that case study narratives can be reductionist and locally detached in various ways. The role of policy intermediaries in the transfer of policy information therefore requires carefully interpretation, not least because of the malleable use of case studies to reveal desired conclusions.     

University Technology Transfer and Manufacturing Innovation: The Case of Italy

This article analyzes the influence of universities on Italian firms' probability to innovate. Using firm‐level data, we focus on institutionalized technology transfer (TT) activities in universities, namely spin‐offs, patents, and research contracts. Results show that TT activities play a significant role in the probability to innovate by Italian manufacturing firms located in the same province as the university. Nevertheless, the effect is not uniform: the contribution of university TT activities to the probability of firms' innovating is concentrated in certain territorial areas (North‐East and Center) and sectors (science based and scale intensive) and among firms that are large.     

产业转移与污染灾难--基于“依附性”省际关系的分析

近年来中国产业转移步伐加快,中西部地区环境污染问题越来越严重,对国民健康构成巨大威胁。依附理论视角有助于理解中国省际之间的环境不平等问题。中国省际关系实际上是一种不平等的依附关系,作为边缘的中西部经济相对欠发达地区对东部省份具有高度依赖性,其地方政府招商引资动机强,环境管制相对较弱,吸纳了东部地区的大量污染产业,从而不可避免的造成环境污染。欲统筹解决中国环境污染跨省转移问题,须从结构上改变这种不平等“依附性”省际关系。     

海峡两岸逃犯移交原则研究

逃犯移交是海峡两岸之间开展最早、也是目前最主要的司法互助事项。《海峡两岸共同打击犯罪及司法互助协议》将"逃犯移交"称为"遣返刑事嫌疑犯或刑事犯",并专条规定了"人道、安全、迅速、便利"的原则等内容,但是对其基础和核心的原则却采取了回避的态度。中国区际刑事司法互助中的逃犯移交与国际刑事司法协助中的引渡,性质不同,但问题相似。在参照国际惯例时,既要考虑两岸在政治经济和司法制度上的巨大差异,更要贯彻"一国两制"原则,同时还要在保障人权和防止罪犯逍遥法外之间掌握平衡。     

劳动力转移对农业经营体制市场化影响研究

随着我国农业人口向城市持续转移,农地流转也不断增加。这两个农村重要经济条件的变化,对我国农业经营体制有重要影响,推动农业经营体制向市场化不断转变。重点分析了劳动力转移对形成于1980年代的农业经营体制的影响机制。