试论小企业的存在原因与产业分布规律

规模报酬递增与竞争性市场结构之间的矛盾激发着经济学家们对企业规模决定因素的持续探索。在长期的研究过程中，经济学家们相继揭示了诸如生产要素的不可分性、沉没成本、外部经济、企业内部交易成本、运输成本、关税与行政壁垒、产品差别等决定因素，这些因素最终可以归入规模经济和市场容量两个范畴。因此，规模经济程度低和市场容量小共同决定看小企业的存在与发展，而不同产业的特性则通过规模经济和市场容量两个方面决定看小企业的产业分布规律。     

虚拟价值链的理论与应用

本文详述了虚拟价值链的思想 ,并尝试构建出虚拟价值链的一般理论模型 ,从而解决了企业在信息时代的竞争中缺少战略指导的缺陷。通过论述虚拟价值链和传统价值链的关系 ,本文指出了虚拟价值链模型的适用范围 ,并提出了企业应用这一模型进行竞争的基本原则和方法。     

论邓小平提高人的素质的途径思想

邓小平用内外因相结合的观点来考虑提高人的素质的途径问题,认为提高人的素质是主客观相互作用的结果,不仅需要社会提供必要的条件,还要经过长期艰苦的主观努力。邓小平要求我们既要看到提高人的素质的光明前景,又要看到提高人的素质任务的艰巨性、长期性、复杂性,既要有长远目标,又要分阶段分层次推进。     

Economics and Law of Works of Art in the Single European Market

This paper is concerned with the economic analysis of the European rules on the circulation of works of art. After reviewing the relevant literature, an economic framework of the international circulation of works of art is provided (social goals, efficiency and distributive aspects, an economic rationale for a general free trade rule integrated by selective protectionism). Using this framework the European system of circulation of works of art—resulting from the combination of the Maastricht Treaty with Regulation 3911/92 and Directive 93/7—is analysed. The main results of the analysis are: 1) the general free trade principle ruling the Single European Market is strongly limited by rules protecting national artistic heritages of member states; 2) this protectionism—working towards countries both outside and inside the European Union—is applied according to the national laws of each member state, while, contrary to what the Maastricht Treaty would call for, an artistic heritage of European significance is not defined and no autonomous role is recognized in this field to European Institutions; 3) this system shows some inconsistencies with economic theory, as strict limits to trade are not provided when they should be required by the preservation of the physical or artistic integrity of works of art, while in other cases an unduly restrained trade may derive from highly protectionist national laws and export-licencing policies of member states. Enforcement provisions are also analysed and some proposals to improve the system are advanced.     

Jurisprudential Dilemmas of European Law

Making a first sketch of philosophical issues arising fromEuropean Community law I want to present a series ofmore or less obvious, and more or less interrelated dilemmas,or even double binds.(i) Deepening the community becomes incompatible withwidening membership. (ii) National states seem bothnecessary for and obstructive in articulating transnationalproblems. (iii) The more democracy is needed as a warrantfor the public exercise of political power in Europe, themore the very concept of democracy on a European scaleevades understanding. (iv) European unity presupposes aunifying rule of law, while member states have radicallydifferent conceptions of this principle. (v) Even the verycore of European integration, the common market, is subjectto two conflicting and, indeed, incompatible doctrines ofcompetition. In explaining the nature of each dilemma I willtry to take my cue from the Maastricht Treaty wherever thisseems suitable. Then I will elaborate on the jurisprudentialproblems involved in it. Finally, each section will be closedby an attempt to state the nature of these problems inphilosophical terms.     

日本证券投资基金法制改革及其借鉴意义

日本于 195 1年制定颁行了《证券投资信托法》 ,由此奠定了证券投资基金制度的法律基础。之后 ,经过不断的修改 ,形成了较为完善的规范证券投资基金的法律体系。我国在促进证券投资基金发展的同时 ,还应适当借鉴日本的改革经验 ,完善证券投资基金法律体系 ,加强对投资者的保护 ,以进一步促进我国证券市场的发展。     

我国新股发行定价市场化问题探讨

资本市场的效率很大程度上取决于市场的定价效率,理论分析表明最有效的定价方式是市场化的发行定价.我国的资本市场效率在新股发行方式的不断变换中得到改善,但是新股的发行定价还没有真正实现市场化.本文力图找出适合于现阶段我国股市的发行定价方式,逐步实现市场化的发行和定价方式,提高资本市场的资源配置效率.     

中国法律服务市场开放问题浅析

法律服务市场开放问题属于<服务贸易总协定>(CATS)的调整范围.在GATS框架下,各国法律服务市场开放主要面临三种障碍,即市场准入障碍、国民待遇障碍和政策障碍.开放法律服务市场是我国履行世贸组织下的具体承诺的必然要求和表现,但我国也应充分利用GATS的规则,采取逐步开放的政策,最大限度地为我国的法律服务市场提供保护.     

解读社会主义市场经济的制度伦理

社会主义市场经济作为一种制度创新在我国已发生了深刻的影响,其自身具有一定的伦理原则和伦理特性。在社会主义道德建设中,必须对市场经济伦理制度作出正确的道德价值追寻和评价。     

市场有效性原理与中国产业结构评价的数量模型

本文对我国传统的产业结构评价方法进行了反思,用整体方法、比例方法和动态方法等概念进行了概括,同时提出了关于我国产业结构评价的一种新的思路,即市场有效性原理。