近代国际法之罗马法基因考

近代国际法体系在形成与发展的过程中,汲取了丰富的历史资源。其中,罗马法为近代国际法的成长奠定了理论、制度和法律精神上的深厚基础。首先,近代国际法的概念和范畴与罗马“万民法”息息相关;其次,罗马法中民事权利主体平等、契约自由、保护私产、侵权责任等重要的私法原则和制度经由格劳秀斯等近代国际法学家的移植、解释与演绎逐渐演变为近代国际法中的重要规则;更为重要的是,源自罗马法的平等、公平正义等重要法律理念和法律精神在罗马法和国际法的互动影响中,引领着近代国际法在数百年间向着文明与和平的主题不断进化和发展。探讨罗马法对近代国际法成长历程中的多元影响,对于理解国内国际法律秩序,丰富国际法话语体系的内涵,构建人类命运共同体的国际法治方向有重要的启发和意义。     

论国际惯例与国际习惯

国际惯例不仅是商界人士关注的焦点,同时也是学者研究的热点。但是对国际惯例的概念、国际惯例与国际习惯的关系等问题学者之间在认识上仍然存在一定的分歧,本文试图对其做进一步的探讨。     

制度变迁与权力博弈：国际货币体系的双重困境

在国际秩序变革期,国际货币体系的变迁和安全状况出现新的特征和问题。在体系演进的不同阶段,国际货币体系变革的核心逻辑不同。在运行之初和体系修正时期,制度变迁是核心逻辑,而在霸权护持和体系重构时期,权力政治是核心逻辑。由此,对国际货币体系变迁的解释需要综合考虑权力逻辑和制度逻辑在国际货币体系不同阶段的相互作用和共同影响。从制度逻辑而言,国际货币体系长期存在的诸多问题依然未能得到有效解决,甚至有更加恶化的趋势,主要包括主权货币充当国际货币的困局、全球宏观经济失衡与调整不力、汇率波动与失调持续加剧、全球货币治理组织低效等,国际货币制度变迁的“均衡困境”持续存在。同时,当前国际货币体系已步入霸权护持期,权力博弈和大国竞争更加显著,国际货币体系变革又陷入新困境,即国际货币体系的主导国美国无意或无力修正体系的根本性问题和解决其结构性矛盾,转而运用多种方略维护美元霸权,但这些霸权方略的反噬效应,使国际货币体系变得更加不稳定和不安全。国际货币制度变迁和权力政治博弈逻辑下的新旧困境交叠,维护国际与国家货币安全面临更加严峻的挑战,由此也为相关研究带来一个新的研究议程。     

关于构建我国反腐败民事诉讼追赃机制若干问题的思考

《联合国反腐败公约》第五章规定的"资产追回"程序确立了通过刑事诉讼和民事诉讼两种方式追回犯罪所得和犯罪资产。在国际司法实践中,一般而言,运用民事诉讼的手段进行追赃较之于刑事诉讼手段更为便捷和有效,是一种较为理想的方式。因此,我国应在建立追赃领导体制和工作机制、建立境外追赃民事诉讼保险基金制度、建立境外追赃论证审查机制、健全和完善我国涉外民事诉讼程序制度和建立配套的境外追赃合理费用扣除机制等方面努力,构建适合我国国情的民事诉讼追赃机制。     

Reform of International Monetary System and Construction of Global Monetary Security Mechanism: Connections and Problems

The international monetary system is the basis to establishing a comprehensive global financial safety mechanism. To understand the internal connections between the reform of the international monetary system and the global safety mechanism has important policy implications. The reform of the international monetary system and the construction of the global safety network are inherently related to each other. Risk management and crisis response are the functions of the international monetary system and serve to ensure the safety of the global fi nancial system; liquidity management and international exchange rate coordination are conducive to the maintenance of the stability of the global financial system. International exchange rate coordination, the control of spillover effect of US monetary policies and the reform of governance structures of the international monetary system contribute to global fi nancial safety. However, the reform of the international monetary system and the establishment of the global fi nancial safety mechanism are faced with problems such as Triffin Dilemma, the technical shortcomings of global financial system, the ill coordination of global and regional fi nancial security network and the growing number of political issues involved. In order to build a sound global fi nancial safety system, cooperation should be enhanced in the following fi ve aspects: to promote the reform of the Bretton Woods institutions; to build the global financial safety network; to establish the liquidity management system; to facilitate the construction of the super sovereign currency; and to deepen regional monetary cooperation.     

Dyadic Effects,Relevance, and the Empirical Assessment of the Kantian Peace

Dyadic effects to a large extent account for the difficulty of explaining and predicting international conflict. In this study, I derive a statistical model to estimate unobserved dyadic effects in the dyadic analysis of conflict. The proposed model employs a hierarchical modeling approach to estimate dyadic effects, thereby avoiding the problems caused by the use of fixed effects models. Furthermore, it simultaneously addresses the important sample selection issue of identifying relevant dyads. I show that the estimation of dyadic effects significantly improves the model fit and generates several interesting findings. Substantively, this study makes an important contribution to the empirical evaluation of the Kantian peace. It argues that international organizations increase the likelihood of conflict of interest between member states but reduce the probability of militarized conflict. I demonstrate that the positive coefficient of international organizations in Oneal and Russett (1999) is biased in the positive direction. When the proposed statistical model is used, international organizations, together with trade and democracy, reduce the probability of conflict.     

Conceptualizing Islamic banking and finance: a comparison of its development and governance in Malaysia and Singapore

In response to the limited engagement with critical social science concerning the governance of Islamic banking and finance (IBF), this paper compares and conceptualizes the development and governance of IBF in Malaysia and Singapore. We argue that IBF governance in Malaysia and Singapore can be distinguished on the basis of ethnic politics, moral suasion, product demand, product innovation, and the character of state practices. Concerning the latter, we contend that the political economy of both countries can be characterized as broadly involving a ‘neoliberal-developmentalism’, but we nuance this by positing a transition in Malaysia from a ‘semi-developmentalism’ in the 1980s to what we call an ‘Islamic and internationalising ordoliberalism’ beginning in the 2000s. In turn, the governance of IBF in Singapore involves a combination of neoliberal developmentalism, which nonetheless also entails some form of Islamic ordoliberalism.     

税收协定的国内适用——基于《企业所得税法》第58条的考察

《企业所得税法》第58条试图全面解决税收协定在国内适用的三个问题,即条约的国内法效力、适用方式和法律位阶。对于如何理解第58条中的"不同规定"与"办理",存在"绝对主权说"和"国际条约说"之争。虽然两种学说的理论依据和具体主张有所不同,但它们均以维护法律体系的纯粹性为最高目标。这两种学说并不符合中国的混合一元条约适用体制。当前,中国应采取更具实质主义导向的方法适用税收协定。     

从国际人权公约谈赦免的法制化

根据国际人权公约的规定,任何被判处死刑的人有权请求赦免。我国目前的赦免未完全脱离传统的赦免,应建立现代赦免制度以实现其社会功能。因此,首先要修正我国人权宪政体制,其次制定赦免法,增设赦免种类,设立专门机构受理赦免案件。     

国际集装箱运输推动西伯利亚铁路运输发展

西伯利亚铁路国际集装箱运输近年来稳定增长,推进了西伯利亚铁路的基础设施的现代化建设。作为重要的欧亚大陆桥,西伯利亚铁路面临着其他线路的竞争和自身软硬件的不足等问题,同时也面临着重要的发展机遇。