浅析反不正当竞争法的一般条款

1993年颁布的《反不正当竞争法》,它的制定与实施为我国建立统一、公正的市场竞争秩序提供了法律依据。然而,随着市场自身的快速发展,这些具体的规定已经无法全面、有效地规范市场竞争秩序,这就要求我们要重新认识《反不正当竞争法》,制定一个一般条款。经济法最本质的内容就是国家与经济之间的关系问题,因此,国家应在大力发展商品经济的同时,充分发挥市场机制的作用,在此基础上,恰当地发挥国家职能,对经济进行必要的、合理的干预。     

社会环境的变化对警察执法公信力的影响

当前我国正处于社会转型的关键时期,公安工作所面临的政治、经济、法律、文化等各方面的环境发生了深刻的变化.近年来,我国警察执法公信力之所以受到各方的关注,其原因不仅在于公安机关本身,还在于公安工作所面临的外部环境发生了变化,如行政权力干预、民生问题、公众的认知、新闻媒体的报道等都会对警察执法公信力产生影响.     

论商法在中国社会主义市场经济法律体系中的地位和作用

在我国社会主义市场经济法律体系中,民法是前置性法律,经济法是保障性法律,而商法则是市场运行法,特殊的功能成就其不可替代的独立地位。商法产生于市场经济并且直接服务于市场经济,两者具有深刻的依存关系,以效益为契合点,通过反映市场经济内在要求的技术性规范,保障市场主体营利自由,进而促进社会财富的增加,实践的品格使其具有高度灵活性。现代市场经济立法主要表现为商事立法,没有健全的商法制度,就没有完备的社会主义市场经济法律体系。在经济危机频繁爆发的当今世界,我国商事法律制度的建设依然任重而道远,需要理性面对法律部门功能纯化、法律移植合理化和商事习惯法律化等问题。     

Overview of: “Getting the Law Involved a Quasi-Experiment in Early Intervention Involving Collaboration Between Schools and the District Attorney's Office”

Research Summary Precursors to serious and chronic delinquency often emerge in childhood, stimulating calls for early interventions. Most intervention efforts rely solely on social service programs—often to the exclusion of the juvenile justice system. The juvenile justice system has been reluctant to become involved in the lives of relatively young children fearing net widening or further straining resources that could be used for older youth with documented delinquency histories. We report here the results of an early intervention program sponsored by and housed in a district attorney's office in Louisiana. Using a quasi-experimental design, we examined outcomes associated with program involvement as well as whether the obvious involvement of the prosecutor's office was associated with further reductions in problem behavior.

• 1 : The results revealed that significant reductions in problem behaviors of young children could be attributed to program participation.
• 2 : The obvious involvement of the district attorney's office, however, was associated with limited, albeit significant, reductions in specific problem behaviors.
• 3 : These findings show that successful early intervention efforts can be made part of the juvenile justice system and that in some limited situations prosecutorial involvement can result in positive outcomes.

Policy Implications The expansion of early intervention programming into the juvenile justice system offers opportunities to address early problem behavior. Our study and its results have the following policy implications.

• 1 : Closely coupled partnerships between schools and the juvenile justice system can effectively address, mitigate, and perhaps prevent an early onset of antisocial behavior.
• 2 : Even so, coupling early intervention efforts to the mission of the juvenile justice system warrants debate. Net-widening, resource diffusion, and the potential for officials to rely too heavily on the deterrent characteristics of the justice system represent serious threats to the integrity of effective early intervention programs.
• 3 : We suggest substantial debate and consideration is given before coupling early intervention efforts to the juvenile justice system.

     

Examining Police Effectiveness as a Precursor to Legitimacy and Cooperation with Police

Numerous studies by Tyler and colleagues, as well as other scholars, support a normative, process model to account for variation in the public’s cooperation with police in the USA and other developed nations. However, a recent study in Ghana suggests that in developing countries fraught with high levels of violent crime and corruption, cooperation may instead be accounted for by a utilitarian, rational-choice model. Our study examines whether public cooperation with police in the developing nation of Trinidad and Tobago is associated with the process model or rational-choice model. Using in-person structured interviews with residents, we examined whether victims’ decisions to report to police were related to individuals’ perceptions about police effectiveness or police legitimacy. We found support for the process model. We discuss possible explanations for the divergence with Tankebe’s research in Ghana and suggest avenues for future research.     

CNKI中关于“干部教育培训组织管理有效性”的研究

提高干部教育培训组织管理的有效性,是干部教育培训改革的重要着力点。近年来,理论界和各级各类干部培训机构围绕这一问题进行了卓有成效的探讨,取得了许多可贵的成果。本文以CNKI中搜索到的相关成果为研究对象,运用文献计量学的方法,从文献来源数据库、发表年度和出版来源、作者单位及研究成果资助与主题观点的角度进行分析,通过分析综述目前研究的主要方面,发现研究中存在的问题,为深入研究此问题提供参考。     

制度有效性测度解析——基于制度经济学的视角

如何确定制度的有效性是制度经济学必须回答的问题。文章提出制度有效性的判定原则应包括制度的效率、制度的正义性和制度的增益性三个方面,并根据经济学的分析原理建构了一个界定制度有效性的测度模型。通过对制度有效性的研究,使我们对于制度内涵的把握和理解更加深刻。     

Centring African culture in water,sanitation, and hygiene development praxis in Ghana: a case for endogenous development

International development aid is driven by actors steeped in Western neo-liberal theory and practice. Africa has largely received failed Western aid, administered mainly through international NGOs in neo-comprador relationships. This article calls for African-centred and -led development, revitalised through endogenous development (ED) praxis. Using a water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) sector case study from Ghana, the article theorises Africa's WASH development within the context of globalisation and the politics of knowledge production on Africa. It shows how ED provides African people with self-determining and culturally relevant development necessary for WASH justice and improved health and livelihoods.     

Endogenous development: some issues of concern

This article aims to provide knowledge and practical guidance to managing and implementing within the framework of endogenous development. The paper gives a theoretical overview of endogenous development, linked to issues of globalisation and poverty, and ongoing work among European institutions and academics that suggest shifts in Europe from exogenous to endogenous development approaches. It then makes a case for a paradigm shift – an African alternative to modernisation and development, namely endogenous development – using experiences with two NGOs in Ghana and Zimbabwe to locate theory in practice. The paper concludes with some empirical pre-requisites for conducting endogenous development with rural communities.

This article is prompted by the requests of my students at the University for Development Studies, Ghana, for knowledge and information, and practical guidance to managing and implementing within the framework of endogenous development. I start by giving a theoretical overview of the concept of endogenous development and link it with current issues of globalisation and poverty. I briefly mention current work among European institutions and academics that suggest shifts in Europe from exogenous to endogenous development approaches. Encouraged by such developments, I then make a case for a paradigm shift – an African alternative to modernisation and development, endogenous development. I bring to light the experiences with endogenous development in two NGOs – CECIK (Ghana) and AZTREC (Zimbabwe) – in order to locate theory in practice (praxis). I conclude by providing some empirical prerequisites for conducting endogenous development with rural communities, which demonstrate one way of conducting experimentation with farmers within the context of endogenous development.