Reassessing the power of regional security providers: the case of Algeria and Morocco

Abstract

The concept of power and the ways to measure it are central to the literature on regional security providers. The predominant model has power rooted in material capabilities. This article recognizes that such capabilities are important but contends that for a state to be become a regional security provider, it must meet certain preconditions, foremost amongst them: possession of necessary material and ideational capacity; judicious employment of such power resources; and regional recognition of its leadership. Obvious as it may sound, effective leadership is also heavily contingent upon the domestic performance of regional powers. In this regard, the choice of Algeria and Morocco provides an interesting comparative case to broaden the traditional determinants of how to categorize regional security providers. Surprisingly, Morocco has been neglected in studies on regional security in the Maghreb and Sahel despite its rising ideational and economic influence in the region. Even Algeria has seen few studies use an integral approach to analyze its roles, orientations and performance as a regional security provider.     

论我国患者隐私权的法律保护——以侵犯患者隐私权的民事责任为视角

近年来,患者在医院就诊被侵犯隐私权的现象频繁发生,继<侵权责任法>第62条直接将侵犯患者隐私权的情况纳人到医疗损害赔偿范围之后,患者隐私权纠纷成为医疗纠纷的另一热点诉讼.本文试图通过一则真实案例分析我国现有的患者隐私权法律保护状况,并同时提出一些其他对策和建议.     

Adolescents Values Clarification and Development: A Model for Group Counseling

Youths involved with the juvenile justice and child welfare systems report higher rates of early initiation of sexual intercourse, more sexual partners, and lower rates of condom use compared with the general adolescent population. Such risky behaviors leave system-involved youths with volatile behavioral challenges and negative sexual health outcomes, such as unintended pregnancy. These effects can be attributed to detached support systems and a lack of early interventions, such as group therapy. This dynamic fosters further inquiry into asking, can delinquent teenagers who adopt a values clarification approach and understanding exhibit positive prosocial thoughts and behaviors? The intent of this paper is to discuss an alternative education program for pregnant, delinquent adolescents and young mothers allowed a social worker and his associates to implement a group counseling program. The counseling was intended to emphasize values clarification and values development. The counselors focused on attitudes, social views, and desired behaviors related to values. A unique aspect of the program was the development of a four-phase cognitive process related to values clarification and development. This process includes the discovery and awareness of values, the claiming and reclaiming of values, the acceptance of core values, and the appreciation and advocacy of the values phase. A content analysis methodology was used to analyze a self-report methods so that insights into cultural trends and experiences could be understood. Findings from the adoption of this program suggest a psychoeducation humanistic model can not only buffer teenage pregnancy risk and delinquency but also strengthen values and the moral development of troubled youth.     

贵州体验旅游试析

体验经济时代的旅游者不再满足于传统单一的观光旅游而是希望从深度体验旅游中获得独特的感受、拓展开阔的知识、获得丰富的心灵滋养.贵州独特的非物质文化遗产为开发体验旅游产品提供了丰富的资源,贵州非物质文化遗产的保护应与旅游产业结合.科学保护贵州非物质文化遗产与开发贵州体验旅游资源的关键就在于改变贵州旅游产品的思路和模式,变以"大量销售"为主导的观光旅游产品模式为"深度营销"为主导的体验旅游产品模式.     

Fighting against or hiding behind an image of peripherality? Response strategies to discursive peripheralization in rural Estonia

ABSTRACT

Recently, regional development research and policies have paid ever-increasing attention to the importance of regional images. Following the breakthrough of the neoliberal regional policy paradigm that embraces place marketing as its central development strategy, rural areas have also turned to measures of image-making in order to boost their development and fight peripheralization. In the case of two controversies over the ‘right’ kind of response strategy to the peripheralization of Valga County in southern Estonia, this article will show how this new focus on regional images is deeply embedded in the old policy controversy on the question of responsibility for dealing with regional development.     

论翻供问题

翻供是涉案当事人推翻原来口供的行为。口供本身具有复杂性。翻供具有两重性,一方面其增加了诉讼成本,是消极的;另一方面,翻供可能接近案件事实,避免冤假错案,又具有积极性。翻供的一般原因,有侦讯双方的“失误”;非法取供,导致乱供;侦办程序有缺陷,证据材料有漏洞;监管不力,引发翻供等。对翻供材料的审查,应从内外因素进行,审查是先有供还是先有证,最后确定其真伪。减少翻供的对策,首先,要保持平和心态,正确对待翻供;其次,用律师在场、全程录音录像等遏制非法取供;再者,要问清细节,锁死口供;最后,要强化证据体系,使人证物证相互印证。翻供是疑犯辩解权的一部分,可用以阻断错案,化消极因素为积极因素。     

When do parties emphasise extreme positions? How strategic incentives for policy differentiation influence issue importance

Parties have an incentive to take up extreme positions in order to achieve policy differentiation and issue ownership, and it would make sense for a party to stress these positions as well. These incentives are not the same for all issues and all parties but may be modified by other strategic conditions: party size, party system size, positional distinctiveness and systemic salience. Using manifesto‐based measures of salience and expert assessments of party positions, the findings in this article are that parties emphasise extreme positions if, first, they are relatively small in terms of vote share; second, the extreme position is distinctive from those of other parties; and third, other parties fail to emphasise the issue. These findings have consequences for our understanding of party strategies, party competition and the radicalisation of political debates.     

Detection strategies for feigned psychopathology: test development and effects of criminal charge simulation design on response styles

Feigned psychopathology detection strategy is needed for forensic settings in Thailand. This initial Thai version of the symptoms validity test (SVT-Th) was developed based on two global detection strategies including unlikely and amplified detection strategies proposed by Rogers. The participants were collected from populations of nonclinical undergraduate students and clinical psychiatric patients. Results of Study 1, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to determine the factor structures of the SVT-Th. The results of CFA supported 2-factorial model as proposed by Rogers. The SVT-Th was found to possess a high degree of internal consistency. Using a simulation designed in Study 2, the experimental group was asked to feign psychopathology to avoid criminal prosecution of homicide charges (simulator undergraduate students). The findings were compared with two control groups who were asked to reply to the questions honestly (honest undergraduate students and honest psychiatric patients). The results indicated that the SVT-Th were significantly distinguishable in the experimental group (classified as feigned response style) from the control groups (classified as honest response style). The area under the ROC curve showed high accuracy classification. The ROC curve determined the optimal cutoff score, sensitivity and specificity for the SVT-Th.     

心理测试后的讯问技术在侦查审讯中的应用

经过心理测试,嫌疑人主观心理活动和心理状态已不同于测试前。准确而清晰地把握这种差异性的变化,结合由心理测试所获得的嫌疑人心理信息,选择合适的审讯策略和技巧,会有效地瓦解嫌疑人拒供的心理防线,促使其作有罪供述、交待案情,提高案件的侦破速度和效率。     

Elite Co-optation,Repression, and Coups in Autocracies

This article provides an explanation for the significant variation in coups in autocracies. The existing theoretical literature focuses on the strategies that leaders use to thwart mass mobilization and survive in power. However, most autocratic leaders lose power through a coup, indicating that the main threats to political survival in autocracies emerge from insiders and not from outside the incumbent coalition. This article focuses on leaders’ strategies to mitigate elite threats and argues that autocrats’ strategies of co-optation and repression within the ruling elite and the armed forces affect the risk of coups in opposite ways. Elected authoritarian legislatures are instruments that leaders employ to co-opt members of the incumbent coalition and are expected to decrease the likelihood of coups. In contrast, purges of insider actors constitute a repressive strategy that depletes bases of support and increases the risk of coups. We find empirical support for these hypotheses from a sample of all authoritarian regimes from 1950 to 2004.