Can someone fabricate verifiable details when planning in advance? It all depends on the crime scenario

In the current study we examined the effect of having the opportunity to plan an alibi in advance on the suitability of the verifiability approach in two crime scenarios that differed in their opportunity to carry out innocent activities at the time of the crime. One hundred and two participants imagined being involved in stealing money either from a café at a time when it was open (allows innocent activities) or from a bank at a time when it was closed (does not allow innocent activities). We asked participants about their strategies and difficulties in preparing a verifiable alibi in advance, and to write down their prepared alibis. The participants in both groups found this task difficult and did not differ in the difficulties they experienced, however they differed in their strategies (plans to include true witnesses) and actual success in the task. Participants in the Café scenario provided 30% more verifiable details than the participants in the Bank scenario. Strategies and difficulties mentioned by the participants are presented in the paper, and the implications of the study's results on the application of the verifiability approach are discussed.     

Are you talking to me? Influencing behaviour and culture in police interviews

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between two types of influencing behaviour in police interviews (being kind and rational persuasion) and three types of interview effectiveness, i.e. the suspects’ willingness to give a statement, their estimation of the quality of the relationship with the detective, and suspects’ admission. We expected that being kind and rational persuasion (arguments referring to logic and rationality) would have a different effect on suspects from cultures that tend to be direct and content-oriented (low-context cultures) versus cultures in which communication is more indirect and context orientated (high-context cultures). To examine this, experienced police detectives interviewed mock theft suspects from low-context (n=25) and high-context (n=27) cultures. As predicted, and particularly for high-context suspects, being kind in terms of rewarding and offering was positively related to the perceived quality of the relationship of the suspect, while being kind in terms of active listening behaviour was positively related to admissions. Furthermore, and as expected, there was a positive relationship between rational persuasion of the police detective and admissions for low-context suspects, but also a negative relationship between rational persuasion and admissions for high-context suspects.     

Drug Globalization: Eventual Legalization of Beer in Iceland and Marihuana Decriminalization in the USA

This article discusses whether different motivations for and perceptions of the police role, either as ‘law and order‐oriented thrill‐seekers’ or as ‘social workers’ lead officers to adopt different approaches towards the public. The first category police rank‐and‐file officers' desire for action and excitement, causing them to perceive policing as a mission, also causes them to have a distorted view of reality whereby they perceive members of the public either as significant adversaries or as insignificant ones. For them, ‘real police work’ means chasing and catching villains, and this delusional picture of what policing is may lead them to enlarge and redefine ‘insignificant criminals’ and thus perceive them as ‘villains’ who merit and justify police targeting. However, as these insignificant criminals—beggars, drug addicts, vagrants, ethnic minority youths, and drunks—are not perceived as actually ‘significant adversaries’, the targeting of and encounters with them also produce fatigue in police officers as these activities fail to comply with many police officers' desire to ‘catch the villain’, and the encounters are repetitive and tedious. Police fatigue and stereotyping may entail cynicism due to the ways in which some groups respond to police targeting, such as accusing the police of racism or threatening them with complaints. It is argued that the first type of police officers to a larger degree will experience fatigue and cynicism than the second type of officers—‘the social workers’—who are motivated by a will to ‘help others’, and who receive more rewarding responses from the public.     

欧陆上市公司关联交易治理机制比较

上市公司关联交易治理重点因股权结构而异,英美等少数股权分散国家为管理层,包括我国在内的多数股权集中国家则为控制股东。鉴于控制股东所主导的关联交易具有利益冲突与经营效率的双重属性,欧陆国家的法律对其采取兴利除弊的治理策略。通过董事会和监事会审批机制确保决策效率,依靠司法任命特别检查人和派生诉讼机制维护少数股东权益,在公司集团中引入特别规则以提升公司价值,实现了公平与效率的动态平衡,值得我国借鉴。     

Developing Strategies for Asking Questions in Negotiation

Although negotiation writers often advise negotiators to have a strategy for asking their counterparts questions, the negotiation literature does not currently provide a detailed discussion of how to develop a strategy for asking questions in negotiation. This essay begins that discussion. In doing so, it draws from such disciplines as logic, linguistics, and cognitive psychology, in which the act of questioning has been examined with the goal of developing theory. This article also draws from such applied disciplines as law, education, and journalism, in which questioning as a matter of strategy has also been examined. A common theme across these different domains has been potential resistance to answering questions on the part of the person being interviewed and explorations of the sources of that resistance. Therefore, in this discussion of questioning strategy, I have focused particularly on how resistance can be avoided or overcome.     

国内女性旅游消费市场的新趋势与营销策略

随着旅游市场细分化趋势日益明显,＂女性旅游＂作为一个独立而又极具个性化的市场领域,逐渐受到人们的重视。国内女性旅游消费群体有其自己的消费趋势和消费特点,旅游企业应在＂女性旅游市场＂这块潜力无限的阵地上采用一定的营销策略,来推动这个市场的健康有序发展。     

浅谈当前我国保障性住房建设问题

保障性住房对于当前解决中低收入群体的居住需求、抑制我国过快上涨的房价发挥了重要的作用。但是,我国保障性住房建设中也存在一定的问题,阻碍了这一民生工程的顺利进行。本文分析了我国保障性住房建设存在的主要问题,并提出了一些对策措施。     

外商撤资法律问题及对策研究

近年在我国外商非法撤资的现象不断发生,引发法学界高度关注。四部委制定了相关政策以应对由外商撤资而引起的相关法律问题。最高人民法院也针对此现象要求建立应对外商投资企业非法撤资讨债的应急审理机制,做好人员控制、财产和证据保全的工作预案。文章旨在探索建立跨国公司在华撤资的应对机制,从事前控制,事中监督及事后救济等方面应对外商撤资,避免撤资对我国经济引起的负面影响。     

新时期监狱工作面临的挑战与应对策略——以《刑法修正案（八）》为背景

全国人大审议通过的《刑法修正案（八）》于2011年5月1日起施行,在我国立法改革的进程中具有里程碑的意义。这次刑法的修改,引起全社会的广泛关注,作为刑罚执行机关,对监狱的影响也是深远的。在新的形势下,充分认识《刑法修正案（八）》对监狱工作带来的挑战,并采取积极的应对措施,是当前监狱理论工作者和实践工作者深入研究和探讨的...     

社会工作在老龄服务中的功能定位及介入策略

面对汹涌而至的"银发"浪潮,促进社会工作在老龄服务中的介入,不仅有利于提升老龄服务的质量,还有利于缓解与解决我国老龄化过程中的各种矛盾与问题。社会工作在老龄服务中的功能主要体现在:社会工作专业伦理价值为老龄服务提供了正确的价值导向;社会工作的理论与方法为老龄服务提供了科学的方法指导;社会工作的专业教育为老龄服务提供人才保障。促进社会工作介入到老龄服务体系,一是加强价值教育,更新老龄服务理念;二是创新服务模式,丰富老龄服务内涵;三是加强服务队伍建设,提升老龄服务水平。