Addressing the National Academy of Sciences' challenge: a method for statistical pattern comparison of striated tool marks

In February 2009, the National Academy of Sciences published a report entitled "Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward." The report notes research studies must be performed to "…understand the reliability and repeatability…" of comparison methods commonly used in forensic science. Numerical classification methods have the ability to assign objective quantitative measures to these words. In this study, reproducible sets of ideal striation patterns were made with nine slotted screwdrivers, encoded into high-dimensional feature vectors, and subjected to multiple statistical pattern recognition methods. The specific methods employed were chosen because of their long peer-reviewed track records, widespread successful use for both industry and academic applications, rely on few assumptions on the data's underlying distribution, can be accompanied by standard confidence levels, and are falsifiable. For PLS-DA, correct classification rates of 97% or higher were achieved by retaining only eight dimensions (8D) of data. PCA-SVM required even fewer dimensions, 4D, for the same level of performance. Finally, for the first time in forensic science, it is shown how to use conformal prediction theory to compute identifications of striation patterns at a given level of confidence.     

案例教学法在卫生法学教学实施中的误区及解决策略

案例教学法在部分院校的卫生法教学实施中取得了良好的效果,但其教学设计、教学实施及教学反思环节仍存在误区。应当在以学生为主的教学理念和重视双向交流原则的指导下,通过精选教学案例、营造良好的课堂教学氛围、规范教学步骤来完善教学设计环节,通过突出学生学习的实践性和关注案例所涉知识面的扩展来重构教学实施环节,通过重视对本次案例教学法适用的总结反思和对整门学科适用案例教学法质量的检测来关注教学反思环节。     

古小说《异苑》校理献疑

:《异苑》是南朝刘宋时期著名的志怪小说 ,含有不少口语成分 ,语言颇具时代特色 ,是中古汉语研究的重要文献。此书传本讹误甚多 ,由于文字理解的某些偏差 ,现有的校理成果尚未能尽如人意。本文着重从历史语言学的角度 ,探讨其中的疑误之处     

商品房销售广告性质与责任的法理剖析

商品房销售广告的性质与约束力存在着巨大的不同和差异,在一般情况下其性质应属要约邀请,在特殊情况下的性质视为要约。开发商违约责任的承担应是房地产市场健康有序发展的保证,缔约过失责任的承担则是解决商品房销售广告中虚假宣传的失信问题,建立良好的交易秩序的另一有效途径。将商品房买卖中的欺诈行为纳入《消法》,是使消费者在与开发商交易过程中能获得公平对待、保护当事人的合法权益的有力保障。     

基因分型错误或异常的量化评估

基因分型错误或异常是质量控制和保障体系关注的重点,其中分型错误率的量化是实验室质量评估的一项重要指标,而现有的实验室质量控制体系却很少涉及。本文就常见基因分型错误或异常产生的原因、后果以及如何量化和最大限度降低其影响等方面进行了分析。     

论医疗过失损害赔偿责任的适当限制规则

医疗过失损害赔偿责任与一般的人身损害赔偿责任不同，具有一定的特殊性，因此，应当确立医疗损害赔偿适当限制规则。具体的限制方法：应当限制精神损害抚慰金的赔偿数额、应当对医疗过失引起的财产损害赔偿运用原因力规则合理确定、应当特别强调定期金赔偿在医疗过失损害赔偿中的适用和应当借鉴排除间接来源规则，在医疗过失损害赔偿中实行损益相抵规则。     

添加打印文书检验方法新探

结合打印机工作原理,对打印机进纸、走纸机械构件不可避免的造成文书添加打印内容的图文字迹横轴线倾斜异常、行距异常、页边距异常该三方面共性特征的机械原理做出解构分析,对添加打印变造文书做出补充性的研究,进一步确证添加打印内容与原文书内容差异特征的客观存在。并介绍以photoshop图像处理软件为平台的更便捷、直观、高效的科学检验新方法,解决实际工作中运用以往机械比对方法难以实现添加打印变造文书检验目的情况。     

Physical matches of bone, shell and tooth fragments: a validation study

The following study examines the reliability of physically matching fragments of bone and other mineral-based biological materials such as shells and teeth. Participants with varying education, training, and experience were asked to complete a matching exercise consisting of intentionally fragmented specimens. Success rates were very high; the positive association (correct match) rate was 0.925, while the nonassociation (overlooked match) rate was 0.075, and negative associations (incorrect matches) occurred at a rate of just 0.001. Results also indicate that those with more education and related experience tended to have higher positive association rates, although not significant statistically. Experienced osteologists, however, completed the matching exercise in significantly less time. Low error rates among both experienced and inexperienced individuals support the reliability and validity of performing physical matches of these materials, and suggest that performance may also be related to an individual's aptitude for spatial tasks or other factors.     

试论竞合性事实错误——以行为性质错误为契合点

与单一的事实错误不同,竞合性事实错误系两个不同的错误重叠交叉所致。以行为性质错误为契合点,与其重叠的竞合性事实错误常见的有行为性质错误与打击错误的竞合、行为性质错误与对象错误的竞合以及行为性质错误与手段错误的竞合。在竞合性事实错误的处理上,应分别就不同的错误进行规范评价,进而从整体上对双重错误问题作出适中的定性分析。     

中国城市化进程与犯罪率之间关系的实证研究——基于结构突变的协整分析

在我国城市化发展进程中,伴随着犯罪率的显著上升,二者具有显著的长期趋势的一致性和短期波动的差异性。＂严打＂运动的外部冲击对协整模型具有显著的结构影响,＂严打＂运动在短期也起到了遏制犯罪的震慑效果。