收入风险与个人职业选择——基于风险态度的研究

本文采用"北京市企事业单位职工就业状况调查"的数据,对北京市国有部门和私人部门职工的收入风险、风险态度与其职业选择之间的关系进行了实证研究。结果发现:越愿意冒风险的个体,越不会选择去国有部门工作,这反映了风险态度对个人职业选择的影响;个人选择在国有部门工作,主要是考虑到收入、工作压力、社会地位、工作稳定性这四个因素;就我们的调查样本而言,只有受过较高教育程度(硕士及以上)的个体选择私人部门工作才获得了收入风险补偿。据此,文章提出了完善劳动力市场的政策建议。     

代建制在宁夏政府投资项目中的应用

"代建制"是我国非经营性政府投资项目领域推行的一种新的项目管理模式,也是我国政府投资的公益性建设项目管理模式进行市场化改革的重要举措。     

Policy Tool Interactions and the Adoption of State Renewable Portfolio Standards

We contribute to extant policy theory by focusing on interrelationships between existing policies and innovation. In particular, we call attention to the link between supply‐side incentives and demand‐side innovation, which has not been systematically investigated. Our research expectation is that supply‐side policies generally will complement demand‐side policy, leading to a positive impact on the adoption of demand‐side innovations. We test this idea by examining adoptions of renewable portfolio standards (RPS), a demand‐pull approach targeted to renewable energy generation by utilities, in the American states from 1991 to 2008. Event history models show that an index of supply‐side financial incentives has a strong positive influence on RPS adoption. We do not find support for the hypothesis that this effect is contingent on in‐state carbon‐based energy generation. In conclusion, we argue that the study of policy adoption needs to give greater consideration to the interrelationships among policy instruments.     

陆资赴台法律保障问题研究——从《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》的双边视角

多年以来,两岸的投资合作一直处于不平衡的状态。至2011年 2月,大陆资本已经在台湾投资了大约102个项目,投资总额达1.32亿美元。但是较之133亿美元从台湾流向大陆的资本,两岸投资发展很不平衡。如何推动陆资赴台,实现两岸互利双赢成为实践中关注的焦点。《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》要求大陆和台湾鼓励双向投资并且签订双边投资保障协定。回顾目前在陆资入台方面学者的研究成果,分析评价其成绩和不足,然后借鉴WTO相关规则和大陆与东盟、德国、法国、瑞士、韩国签订的投资保障协定,讨论如何拟定《两岸投资保障协定》。     

论夫妻约定财产制度的适用困境——由夫妻二人公司出资协议性质争议引发的思考

夫妻二人出资所创办的公司,其股东出资协议的性质存在一定的争议,如何界定并厘清夫妻二人公司,讨论夫妻财产制契约的性质和夫妻二人公司的股东出资协议的性质则显得十分必要,揭示我国夫妻财产制的立法不足,探究解决办法也相当重要。夫妻财产制契约是身份契约,夫妻二人公司的股权出资协议不是夫妻财产制契约。要完善婚姻法律制度必须改变“一事一议”的立法模式。     

海外投资风险防范与安全管理的法律思考

近年来,中国的海外投资数额大幅增长,但同时也面临着经营亏损、管理不善、缺乏投资担保机制与损失救济措施等问题。因此有必要充分认识中国海外投资风险,从法律制度层面构建我国海外投资的风险防控机制与安全管理体系,在风险可控的前提下稳步推进“走出去”战略的实施。在分析海外投资风险类型及原因的基础上,从国际法与国内法角度,就我国海外投资风险防范与安全管理的机制构建,阐述具体的路径方法、法律措施与政策建议。     

保护伞条款与“后ECFA时代”两岸投资协议

在两岸政府各自签署的投资协议中,有不少协定已经规定“保护伞”条款。为了保护两岸投资,促进两岸双向投资持续、稳步地发展,在ECFA之后,正在磋商中的两岸投资协议也应该纳入“保护伞”条款,但是不能将“任何义务或承诺”或“与投资有关的一切争端”或“就投资产生的任何争端”等宽泛措词列入“保护伞”条款项下,关于“保护伞”条款项下政府所承担的义务应限定为“与本协定义务有关的投资争端”。     

两岸投资协议下争端解决的机构选择

自两岸签署《海峡两岸经济合作架构协议（ECFA）》之后,两岸投资保护协议成为一项重要议程。因此,如何选择投资争端解决的模式就显得至关重要：既要避开政治上的考虑,如选择ICSID解决争端,又要避开让人窘迫的WTO解决模式,还要避开有利益冲突的各种解决争端机构。本文围绕这个主题。提出一个比较新型和理想的模式,即选用第三地仲裁机构解决两岸的投资争端,而香港的仲裁机构应该是一个最佳选择。     

少数民族地区农户投资结构变动对收入的影响

西部少数民族地区农户投资结构不合理已严重制约了农户收入的增加,影响了农业、非农产业及农村的进一步发展。通过对少数民族地区农户投资结构进行测度,分析其对农户收入的影响,以期对优化农户投资结构,促进农户收入的增加提出合理化建议。     

Patent litigation insurance and R&D incentives

A major policy concern regarding patenting activity is related to the actual enforceability of the patents granted by Patent Offices. The risk of facing elevated legal costs to defend patent rights can affect ex-ante incentives to invest in R&D. This paper analyses whether the availability of insurance policies that cover legal expenditures for patent litigation could increase the appropriability of the innovation. We model a situation in which an incumbent innovator is endowed with a valid patent and an entrant imitator can either directly enter the market or try to apply for a patent, hoping that an error will be made by the Patent Office. The incumbent can accommodate the entrant, file a suit to a civil court or offer a settlement agreement. We model the presence of heterogeneity in the risk that the patents will face an error by both patent examiners at Patent Offices and judges at civil court. We analyse the changes in expected profits for the innovator when given the possibility of buying an insurance policy which will cover legal costs in the event of trial. We compare the cases in which (i) coverage is voluntary and the insurer can discriminate perfectly between risky patents; (ii) coverage is voluntary and the insurer cannot discriminate between patents, and (iii) coverage is compulsory. The model highlights a set of peculiar strategic characteristics of insurance for legal expenditures which contribute to singling out the reasons underlying the underdevelopment of this market. We suggest that the crucial reason for such a failure is not adverse selection; consequently, we challenge the benefits of making coverage compulsory.