国际投资仲裁中的精神损害赔偿研究

国际公法领域的精神损害赔偿具有悠久历史,但在国际投资法领域,精神损害赔偿则是一个新兴话题。鉴于投资条约的特殊建构,投资者固为投资者-国家仲裁体制中的申诉者,因此,申诉者成为国际投资仲裁中精神损害赔偿请求的最常见主体。但这并不意味着,固为被申诉方的国家没有寻求精神损害赔偿的可能性。晚近以来的国际投资仲裁实践均表明,这两种类型的精神损害赔偿均有发生的可能,为此,有必要结合已有案例,研究国际投资仲裁中精神损害赔偿的合法依据,并在此基础上对相关未决问题进行尝试性解释。     

The Public Sector as the Employer of Choice among Youth in Egypt: The Relevance of Public Service Motivation Theory

Young people in Egypt want to work in the public sector, even if they get less pay there than at the private sector. This article seeks to explain the attractiveness of public-sector jobs to this group, embedding this experience within the literature and theorization on public service motivation (PSM) and discussing its relevance. Issues of trust, respect, and social status are reflected in the discourse of interviewed youth about this job preference. A generation-held and culturally-ingrained appreciation among the educated to work in the public sector also contributes to this sector preference. Qualitative and quantitative data also show that extrinsic benefits of job security and stability are also pivotal to this preference. The analysis in the article suggests a holistic reading of motivational factors to join the public sector in contexts of job scarcity and labor surplus.     

On fighting for global justice: the role of a Third World international lawyer

Abstract

The life of a Third World international lawyer is devoted to resistance to the norms of international law designed by agents with power to promote the interests of the powerful sections of the international community. Increasingly the instrumental norms of international law are fashioned through the use of private power, making the positivist claim that public international law is a law between states illusory. The task of this paper is to identify a framework of common concerns so that a collectivity of Third World lawyers can work together, examine how mechanisms of power can be countered, and devise a confrontational strategy.     

Putting a Price on Justice: How to Incentivize the Downsizing of Prison Populations

Abstract

We argue that the proximate reason the United States overuses prisons is that for local prosecutors and judges, sending offenders to prison is “free”; the state pays. By completely subsidizing prison use, states incentivize local overuse of prisons. State prisons in the United States are common pool resources, so options to managing common pool resources used in fisheries and environmental protection may have applications to corrections. We propose, for this purpose, seven options: six involve pricing systems and each having several variants. Each approach, in its own way, puts a price on justice. We also outline other changes in correctional and sentencing practices policy makers need to make to implement these approaches. We anticipate potential consequences, good and bad, of incentivizing justice. Finally, we fully expect our proposals to incur the ire of some political idealists on the right and the left. Nevertheless, for policy makers who are concerned about practical solutions to the grave injustices and high costs of mass incarcerations, our portfolio of options should be useful.     

国内需求与中国改革开放后的技术进步——基于熊彼特创新理论的分析

基于熊彼特创新理论的分析表明,国内需求对发展中国家的技术进步有重要的影响.利用中国1979-2008年经济数据的实证研究支持了理论分析的结论,具体包括：国内需求的增长对技术进步有正面影响,而出口增长则有负面影响;在国内需求中,消费需求比投资需求对技术进步的促进作用更为明显;消费需求占GDP份额的下降,是我国近年来技术水平提高缓慢的重要原因.     

降息启动民间投资的思考

利率下调是刺激民间投资的有效手段。良好的市场环境是利率机制发挥作用的前提。近年来我国居民储蓄增长速度加快,民间投资的利率弹性有下降趋势。社会保障制度,投资体制以及融资环境之不足是影响利率弹性,制约降息政策启动民间投资效果的主要因素。结合我国目前民间投资现状,从实证的立场出发,要促进民间投资利率弹性的提高,使降息政策充分发挥启动民间投资的作用,必须改善相关的市场环境。加快利率市场化进程,完善社会保障制度,改善政策环境,融资环境以及服务环境从而促进投资环境的好转是我们目前面临的主要工作。     

析国际投资法律规范发展之趋势

多边投资协议(简称MAI)是为了推动国际投资自由化而进行的工作之一,后由于多方面的原因而以失败告终。虽然MAI的谈判失败了,其内容却体现了当今国际投资法律的发展趋势。通过对MAI内容的分析,概括出当今国际投资法律规范的一些特征。     

Will International Investment Rules Obstruct Climate Protection Policies? An Examination of the Clean Development Mechanism

Rules governing the global environment and the international economy are currently decided in separate arenas. Yet, environmental agreements can have strong economic implications, particularly with the growing use of market mechanisms. Economic liberalization rules, meanwhile, may limit the effectiveness of environmental agreements. This paper assesses the potential interaction between one important market-based environmental mechanism – the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol on climate change – and the framework of international investment law.     

论外商证券投资法律制度

外商对华证券投资包括投资于境外证券市场与境内证券市场的外资股与债券,其主流则为境内上市外资股(B股)与QFII投资普通股(A股)。外商证券投资的法律制度由投资者本国的法律监管与东道国法律监管两部分构成。前者监管主要针对证券发行数量、税收和利率的限制,后者监管主要集中在证券入市审批和证券交易管理,两者中应以东道国法律监管为主。我国对外商证券投资实行较为严格的监管制度,集中体现为证券市场开放中实行的QFII制度。法律监管的范围涉及市场准入审批、证券发行、证券交易、资产管理和外汇管理等方面。     

中国西部民族地区人力资本投资及其制度因素分析--来自新疆、甘肃、宁夏民族地区的问卷调查分析

本文以人力资本及其制度的契合为切入点,就西部少数民族地区人力资本投资的制度供给、制度绩效和对策建议进行了论述.人力资本积累是西部大开发战略得以实施的关键和突破口,但人力资本作用的发挥受制于制度的约束.西部少数民族地区人力资本投资的制度供给是相对丰富的,但正式制度短缺与非正式制度短缺仍然是人力资本投资的瓶颈制约,实证调查分析在很大程度上也证实了这一点.为此西部民族地区必须解放思想、更新观念,增强教育法律制度供给,创新经济制度,加大教育投资,大力发展少数民族地区教育,形成人力资本开发的多元机制.