Thermal degradation analysis of amino acids in fingerprint residue by pyrolysis GC-MS to develop new latent fingerprint developing reagents

Conventional development of latent fingerprints is compromised when the prints are decomposed by extreme temperatures, such as those encountered when a weapon cartridge is fired, an improvised explosive device is detonated, and/or in arson cases. Understanding how these extreme temperatures alter the chemical and physical properties of latent fingerprint residue could aid in the discovery of a reagent that could effectively develop these decomposed fingerprints. To mimic scenarios where fingerprints may be exposed to high heat conditions, standards of the five most abundant amino acids in fingerprint residue as well as extracted fingerprint residue were pyrolized under controlled conditions. Compounds identified as pyrolytic decomposition products were 3,6-dimethylpiperazine-2,5-dione (from alanine), maleimide, and 2,5-furandione (from aspartic acid). The pyrograms and selected ion traces show these products to hold promise as indicators of decomposed fingerprint residues and, therefore, may serve as good candidate substrates for a developing reagent.     

505例健康体检者的中医体质类型与血糖、血脂、体质量指数关系分析

目的 研究不同体质与血脂、空腹血糖（fasting blood glucose, FBG）、体质量指数（body mass index, BMI）的关系,从宏观和微观角度探究体质的形态结构特质。方法 对505例健康体检人群进行横断面的中医体质调查,同时测定各受试者的血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）、三酰甘油（triglyceride, TG）、低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein, LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（high density lipoprotein, HDL）、FBG,计算BMI,比较每种偏颇体质与平和质的TC、TG、LDL、HDL、FBG、BMI及高脂血症发生率,对每种体质的转化分与TC、TG、LDL、HDL、BMI进行多元线性回归分析。结果 阳虚质者TC、TG、BMI显著低于平和质者（P<0.05,或P<0.01）,痰湿质者BMI显著高于平和质者（P<0.05）,气郁质者BMI显著低于平和质者（P<0.01）。与平和质比较,阳虚质者高脂血症的发生率呈下降趋势,痰湿质者呈升高趋势。多元线性回归分析显示,LDL越高,阳虚质转化分越低;TG越高、BMI越大,阴虚质转化分越低,FBG越高,阴虚质转化分越高;HDL越高,痰湿质转化分越低;BMI越大,瘀血质、气郁质、特禀质转化分越低。结论 阳虚质、阴虚质、瘀血质、气郁质者体型偏瘦,痰湿质者体型偏胖;阳虚质者血TC、TG、LDL、FBG偏低,阴虚质者血FBG偏高,痰湿质者TG、LDL偏高,HDL偏低;痰湿质者具有易发高脂血症的倾向。     

顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱法测定芪白平肺胶囊中挥发性成分

目的 测定芪白平肺胶囊中挥发性成分。方法 采用顶空进样-气相色谱-质谱联用技术,并通过所用质谱库检索研究其挥发性化学成分组成,用面积归一化法确定各成分的相对百分含量。结果 共分辨出68个色谱峰,鉴定出53个化学成分,约占总挥发性成分含量的90.75%,主要挥发性成分为酯类(38.58%)、酸类(22.97%)、杂环类(13.54%)、醛类(8.75%)、醇类(2.84%)、醚类(2.71%)、芳烃类(0.74%)和酮类(0.62%)物质,其中含量最高的是乙酸乙酯(25.54%),其次为乙酸(11.79%),含量较高的为2-甲基丁醛(7.00%),2-氨基丁酸(6.83%),乙酸丙酯(5.60%),2,3-二羟基丙酸(3.45%),糠醛(3.08%),5-甲基糠醛(3.05%),2-甲基四氢呋喃-3-酮(2.82%),2-乙酰基呋喃(2.54%),甲基环氧丙烷(2.03%),等。结论 所建立的方法分离效果较好,能够准确鉴定芪白平肺胶囊中主要挥发性成分。     

石台县虎杖药材及其根际土壤中硒及重金属元素含量检测与相关性分析

目的 测定石台县虎杖药材及其根际土壤中Se和重金属Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu的含量,并对其相关性进行分析。方法 采用电感耦合等离子体质谱技术测定Se和重金属Pb、Cd、As、Hg、Cu的含量,并对其相关性进行分析。结果 石台县7个乡镇虎杖药材中Se、As、Cu、Cd、Pb、Hg的平均含量分别为0.59、0.32、7.42、0.12、1.38、0.005 mg/kg;根际土壤中Se、As、Cu、Cd、Pb、Hg的平均含量分别为2.34、65.77、44.65、0.95、111.61、0.22 mg/kg。结论 石台县虎杖药材及其根际土壤皆达富硒水平,且虎杖药材与其根际土壤中硒含量呈正相关;但虎杖药材与其根际土壤中As、Cu、Cd、Pb、Hg等重金属元素的含量不具相关性;石台县7个乡镇虎杖药材重金属含量均低于国家限量标准,具有较高的安全性。     

“大数据杀熟”行为政府治理路径探讨

“大数据杀熟”行为严重损害了消费者权益.相对于传统商业“杀熟”行为, “大数据杀熟”行为更隐蔽,消费者维权更艰难.这种利用算法应用技术损害消费者权益的行为严重违背商业伦理,不仅关乎消费者个人权益,更会影响公共利益,仅凭市场调节难以纠正,需要通过法律进行救济.政府应在遵循辅助性原则的前提下,通过算法应用技术备案、建立“政...     

Segmental hair analysis for flunitrazepam and 7-aminoflunitrazepam in users: a comparison to existing literature

The availability of more quantitative data on flunitrazepam (FLU) and 7-aminoflunitrazepam (7AF) would aid in obtaining a better understanding of the interpretation of FLU concentrations in human hair. The purpose of this study was to provide concentrations of FLU and 7AF in hair segments of 22 FLU users. Quantitative data regarding hair concentrations of FLU and 7AF from various types of cases were also reviewed to give a comprehensive overview of the comparability of different studies. Three to six 1 cm segments of scalp hair from 22 FLU users were analyzed by a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method. FLU and its metabolite were confirmed in the hair segments from all cases. Concentrations of FLU and 7AF in the segments ranged from 0.01–0.16 ng/mg (median of 0.03) and 0.01–0.34 ng/mg (median of 0.09), respectively. Most cases had FLU and 7AF distributions along the hair segments that were suggestive of repeated drug use. A summary of the published concentrations gives valuable data and can assist forensic investigators in their estimations of drug use history and patterns.

Key points

• A method using LC–MS/MS to quantify flunitrazepam and its metabolite was described.
• Segmental analysis of flunitrazepam and its metabolite in human hair was reported.
• A comprehensive overview of quantitative data was given.

     

The political participation of disabled people in Europe: Rights,accessibility and activism

This paper provides the first systematic cross-national assessment of disabled people's electoral and political participation, based on research in the 28 Member States of the European Union and in the context of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. A mixed methods approach included policy analysis, information requests to national experts and secondary analysis of European survey data. The evidence populated indicators which suggest four lines of action: (a) lifting legal and administrative barriers; (b) raising awareness; (c) making political participation more accessible; (c) expanding participation opportunities in public life. Civil society organizations as well as public institutions have an important role to play as change agents in this regard.     

What is your gender? Gender and participation in Attac-Italy

Since gender disparities do not appear to be confined within the political system, I assume a gender perspective within social movements. In order to better understand the relations between the social movements and gender issues, I analysed the case of the Association for the Taxation of Financial Transactions and Aid to Citizens (Attac) in Italy. Attac is an international network of sibling organizations. The Italian branch has been described as a political/cultural association which is based on previous cultural/political backgrounds of militants. Accordingly, I supposed that these cultural/political backgrounds have affected the present organization and its forms of participation. Structural information on participation in parties and trade unions proves that Attac has a strong linkage to the Italian left-wing, while the relations between gender, participation and power have been investigated in the fieldwork. Yet, certain dynamics of inequity and the risk of reproducing models learned elsewhere, which also replicate gender exclusion in those associations which lie halfway between civil society and political parties, have been discussed for gender and participation in the contradictory age of globalization.     

Where to Draw the Line? Is Efficiency Encroaching on a Fair Justice System?

The government is currently implementing an ambitious agenda of reforms to transform the justice system of England and Wales. The stated aim is to improve efficiency, primarily by utilising technology and bringing processes online where possible. The speed and ambition of the programme has led to concerns that the drive for efficiency is coming at the expense of ensuring a fair and effective justice system. This article suggests that the fundamental principles underpinning our justice system are at risk of being lost in the push for increased efficiency. It focuses on two specific proposals: increasing the use of video links, thus moving to virtual hearings as the default position for the majority of cases; and of automating the conviction process in certain criminal cases. It is argued that both proposals undermine the role of an independent judiciary in making fair and transparent decisions.     

国外小众旅游对旅游目的地女性影响的研究综述

相比大众旅游，一些替代性的小众旅游或专项旅游对旅游目的地女性及其社会性别关系影响的研究近年来成为了国外人文社会科学研究领域的一个热点，研究成果也较为丰富。对该研究现状进行梳理可以在理论上帮助国内学者拓宽研究思路。