当代西方国家的市场经济与监狱生产经营

在西方国家,监狱生产经营与市场经济、资本主义制度相伴而生.随着市场经济由一元调节到二元调节再到三元调节的发展完善,监狱生产经营也经历了从自由、受限到规范的发展过程.在国家的干预调停规范扶持下,监狱生产经营终于妥善地处理了与市场的关系问题.     

Life Stressors and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Seriously Mentally Ill Jail Population,

Inmates represent a vulnerable population with increased rates of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, little is known about the rates of trauma and PTSD among male inmates with acute psychiatric illness. This prospective, randomized study was conducted to assess the current rates of trauma and PTSD in this population. The sample consisted of 48 patients admitted to a hospital jail psychiatry service in New York City. Subjects were administered the Life Stressor Checklist‐Revised and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV‐TR Disorders, PTSD Module (SCID‐I). The rate of PTSD diagnosis via SCID‐I was 46.2% as compared to 2.1% diagnosis via clinical interview. All participants reported a history of at least one stressful and/or traumatic event, and many of these events occurred during incarceration. These results demonstrate that a great deal of trauma and PTSD goes unrecognized and untreated in this population, indicating the need for more effective treatment interventions.     

Malign Neglect or Benign Respect

Abstract

A central tenet of feminist criminological scholarship is the examination of women's experiences with crime and incarceration through their own narratives. Through semi-structured interviews with thirty jailed women, this article examines carceral conditions through the critical lens of the female inmate. Highlighted in this article is the availability and quality of health care in a detention center in Arizona. The findings indicate a contentious duality, exposing both heinous neglect and benign solicitude in the care delivered to jailed women. This duality is situated within the dismal health care system available to indigent women in the region.     

Incarcerated Mothers of Minor Children: Physical Health,Substance Use,and Mental Health Needs

Mothers of minor children serving sentences in a large Midwestern jail were screened for potential substance use problems and asked to report their physical and mental health status and treatment experiences. Of mothers screened for substance use problems, 72.1% had positive findings on the AUDIT-12, 56.7% reported at least one serious physical health problem, and 67.1% had received mental health treatment. More than two-thirds (68.8%) of the 240 mothers reported a co-occurring condition, and a third (33.8%) reported problems in all three spheres (substance use, mental health, and physical health). The relationship among the three health-related problems is examined as well as the characteristics of mothers related to having co-occurring health conditions. Given that the overwhelming majority of mothers reported more than one health-related problem, the changes to policy and practice need to avoid simplistic solutions.     

监狱改革过程中的心理冲突与心理适应

监狱改革合乎规律、大势所趋。监狱改革的进程,受多种因素的影响与制约。对于政治、经济 等监狱改革的决定性因素,人们都给予了高度重视并进行了系统研究。然而,对于改革过程中的心理因 素,无论从改革的操作层面上看,还是从理论研究来看,都没有得到应有的重视与体现。     

狱政管理运用德治思想的几点思考

在狱政管理中运用德治思想 ,既是监狱历史经验和工作实践的总结 ,也是监狱事业发展的需要。在狱政管理中运用德治思想 ,必须构建以马克思主义为指导 ,以社会公德、职业道德、家庭美德为主要内容的思想道德体系 ,把广大干警特别是领导干部的思想道德建设作为重点 ,还要处理好“依法治监”和“以德治监”的关系     

监狱文化:冲突与重生

监狱文化全球化浪潮中出现了激烈的冲突,这些冲突可能是建设性的,也可能是破坏性的,需要进行冷静的分析,从体制改革、文化模式、文化战略等诸方面提出对策,使冲突成为推动监狱文化新生的内在动力。     

明清州县监狱的督查制度

明清州县监狱有多种形式,依其设立是否有典章制度为依据,可粗略划分为正规监狱和非正规监狱两大类。前者由于有章可循、有典可据,所以在设置、设施、管理等方面都比较规范。后者则没有明确的法律依据,是因为某些特殊需要或缘由而设,多是本做它用的场所、设施用于监禁,具有临时性。这些临时性的监狱处于法律和监管的盲区,无论在设立、废止、运行、管理、条件上都有较大的随意性、不确定性。虽然在监管上,无论是正规,还是非正规的监狱都纳入正规管理的范畴,在加强考核、监督的前提下,重视对监狱官吏责任的追究和处罚,但是制度的局限性和弊端也是明显的,不但狱囚生存状况恶化,而且狱政的腐败犹如挥之不去的恶魔,缠绕在州县监狱内外。     

Sex Trading Among Hazardously Drinking Jailed Women

For women involved in sex trading, both alcohol problems and passage through the criminal justice system are highly prevalent. This study is the 1st to conduct a focused examination of factors associated with sex trading among hazardously drinking, pretrial, jailed women. Cocaine use, social support for alcohol abstinence, and more days incarcerated in the 90 days leading up to the index incarceration were significantly associated with sex trading involvement among alcoholic women. Helping incarcerated alcoholic women reduce cocaine use and improve sober support networks during and following an incarceration may minimize sex trading after release.     

Turning off jail turnover: do generational differences matter?

Reducing turnover in America’s jails is a significant fiscal concern and a serious organizational challenge. When determining how to improve retention, the private sector has been influenced by the literature on generational relevance. To explore whether similar cohort-driven motivators might be productively directed toward reducing jail turnover, the application of generational relevance theory to jails was empirically tested. To assess the impact of retention-related variables on various age cohorts working in America’s jails, a national survey was administered to jail staff throughout the country. Results indicate that less than half of the variables included in the analysis reached levels of statistical significance when analyzed by generational cohorts, and even among significant variables, over one-third were age-driven by nature. Although the findings do little to advance the cause of generational relevance theory, they are not without merit for jail administrators seeking to reduce turnover, pointing toward the universal appeal such intrinsic factors as treating people fairly, creating a positive work climate, and assuring that employees are listened to, have input, and are recognized, respected, and appreciated. Essentially, results indicate that reducing jail turnover is more likely to be a product of initiatives that are generically requisite than generationally relevant.