市民社会：现代政治文明发展的动力

市民社会既是政治文明进步的成果和标志,也是政治文明发展的重要推动力.它在现代政治文明发展过程中,发挥着越来越重要的作用.市民社会孕育了资本主义政治文明,市民社会与政治国家的分离推进了资本主义政治文明的形成和发展.建构中国特色的社会主义市民社会,实现市民社会和政治国家的良性互动,是推进社会主义政治文明发展的强大动力.     

苏联解体留给我们的启示

苏联是世界上第一个社会主义国家。苏联的解体留给了我们太多的启示。我们必须坚持马克思主义同中国实际相结合 ,必须正确处理各种社会关系 ,必须始终把生产力的发展放在首位 ,注重改革开放和执政党建设 ,防止西方敌对势力“和平演变”阴谋的得逞。     

Rethinking corporate restructuring

A giant wave of corporate restructuring has rolled through the global corporate landscape ever since the early 1980s, and to date there are still no signs of it slowing down. Much of the restructuring took place under the banner of increasing corporate financial performance, but a significant by‐product of the deep‐rooted organisational change it involves is additional strain on the organisation's relationships with employees, communities, taxpayers, governments and other stakeholders. This commentary paper first assesses four qualitatively different types of corporate restructuring and the corresponding techno‐rational explanations and justifications for their occurrence. Next, it demonstrates how these restructuring transactions can frustrate a firm's relationships with market and non‐market parties. It then goes beyond the techno‐rational perspective by discussing four types of public affairs instruments, and framing them as facilitating measures which companies can take to appease actors that have the potential to inhibit organisational restructuring efforts. The authors thus rethink corporate restructuring by focusing on the crucial role that public affairs activities can play in the management of the market and non‐market pressures associated with the redesign of organisational structures and portfolios. Copyright © 2004 Henry Stewart Publications     

我国社会救助制度优化初探

文章在界定社会救助的概念并分析其特征的基础上,指出了当前我国社会救助制度存在的四个主要问题:观念偏差,认识不足;政社不分,政府全能化,垄断社会救助事务;社会救助法制化建设滞后;救助范围有限,救助标准偏低。针对现存问题,探讨了优化我国社会救助制度的四条路径。     

斯大林“三和”思想探析

苏联国家工业化和农业集体化的过程,也是对城乡资本主义经济成分实行排挤和消灭的过程。斯大林根据苏联社会主义改造完成后的经济结构、阶级结构变动情况,初步探索和分析了社会主义社会内部的矛盾关系,提出了社会主义社会生产关系和生产力之间、社会成员之间、各民族之间,形成一致与和谐的关系。然而,斯大林把和谐看成是无矛盾,甚至"完全一致",这就使得他的认识不仅偏离了唯物辩证法,陷入形而上学,而且也不符合当时苏联的实际情况,其后果是非常严重的。我们要构建社会主义和谐社会,必须从斯大林的错误中吸取深刻的教训。     

Soldier,civilian, criminal: identifying pathways to offending of ex-armed forces personnel in prison

Little is known about why some ex-armed forces personnel become involved in the criminal justice system, however, they represent the largest known occupational group in prison. In-depth interviews were employed to explore possible pathways to offending. Twenty ex-armed forces personnel in prison were recruited from five prisons in England. Data were analysed using a combination of thematic analysis and constant comparison methods rooted in grounded theory. Four predominant themes were identified: experiences of trauma and adversity; belonging; impulsivity and creating a soldier. Participants had experienced a number of traumatic incidents and adversity in their lives, encompassing pre, during and post-service but felt a sense of belonging in the armed forces. Participants demonstrated impulsivity in a number of areas with links to both their service in the armed forces and offending behaviour. The creation of the identity of ‘soldier’ was perceived to impact participants’ lives in a number of ways, including their offending, alcohol use and coping with trauma. The interplay of these themes and their potential impact on participants’ pathways to offending are discussed.     

Situating soldiers’ demands: mutinies and protests in Burkina Faso

In Burkina Faso in 2011 military mutinies followed widespread civilian protests, indicating a crisis of confidence in President Compaoré. Through an in-depth examination of the events, this article encourages an understanding of military revolts that extends beyond the military. Although the mutineers never united with the demonstrators, their grievances mirrored those of the civilians. The article puts the revolts into a historic context and shows a pattern of interconnectedness between military revolts and civilian demonstrations in Burkina Faso. The work draws on interviews conducted with military personnel and civilians involved in the widespread protests.     

Fighting crime and maintaining order: shared worldviews of civilian and military elites in Brazil and Mexico

Abstract

Domestic internal security missions have become a centrepiece of Brazil and Mexico’s counter-narcotic efforts. Relying on a set of interviews, this article addresses narratives of elites engaged in the decision-making process and implementation of military operations to counter drug trafficking crimes in Rio de Janeiro and Tijuana. In spite of different levels of drug trafficking organisation and international ramification, this article points out the existence of shared narratives of growing insecurity and criminal strength in Brazil and Mexico, justifying state military reaction against a perceived national security threat. The article thus suggests the relevance of civil–military elites’ perception in defining public policies’ instruments and, ultimately, in upholding the militarisation of security in democratic regimes.     

Army and Monarchy in Morocco: Rebellion,Allegiance and Reforms

The study of the complex relationship between army and monarchy in Morocco provides support for the argument that coup-proofing and institutionalisation enable civil leadership to enhance and maintain civilian control over the military. Through a strategy of coup-proofing implemented by the monarchy to protect itself from coups d’état, the army had been depoliticised. Through institutionalisation the Moroccan army is now governed by a clear set of constitutional and legal norms, principles and procedures with a system based on meritocracy. This approach is helping to stabilise relations between state and society and avoid power struggles between civilian leaders and the armed forces.     

生产力标准的道德哲学含义

生产力标准在道德哲学层面上,不仅体现了以社会为本位、以人民幸福为终极目标的功利主义原则,而且体现了以物质文明为基础、以精神文明为灵魂的社会进步的综合价值取向;不仅体现了效率与公平相统一的社会主义利益关系体系的客观要求,而且体现了以人为本、全面发展的社会主义人道主义精神和人类自我完善的主体性特征。