生产、销售伪劣商品罪与假冒注册商标罪的竞合问题探析

关于生产、销售伪劣商品罪与假冒注册商标罪的竞合所涉及的罪数形态问题,主要存在“法条竞合论”、“想象竞合犯论”、“牵连犯论”以及“实质数罪论”等几种观点。在生产、销售伪劣商品罪与假冒注册商标罪竞合的场合,存在“一个行为”和“两个行为”的情形。这对罪数形态的判断会产生直接的影响。在“一个行为”的场合,即行为人在生产伪劣商品的过程中假冒他人的注册商标,或者在生产伪劣商品的过程中假冒他人的注册商标后又销售该商品的,成立想象竞合犯;在“两个行为”的场合,即行为人在他人生产的伪劣商品上假冒注册商标后销售该商品的,成立牵连犯。根据罪数理论通说,对想象竞合犯和牵连犯都应予以从一重罪处断。     

‘Look into my eyes’: can an instruction to maintain eye contact facilitate lie detection?

Abstract

Traditionally, research on offender profiling has investigated the relationships between offender behaviour and offender characteristics. However, evidence about offender behaviour is not the only evidence available at a crime scene. This study extends previous collaborative research between forensic scientists and psychologists (e.g. Bond & Sheridan, Journal of Forensic Science, 52, 1122–1128, 2007) to investigate how forensic science can assist in the psychological process of offender profiling. Specifically, the potential utility of footwear impression evidence in the task of offender profiling is investigated. Using 155 domestic burglaries, the consistency and homology assumptions underlying offender profiling were tested. Evidence supportive of both assumptions is reported. A multiple regression analysis identified significant relationships between cost of footwear and employment status, age of offender, and the relative deprivation of his/her residence.     

Factors associated with contact child sexual abuse in a sample of indecent image offenders

Abstract

This study explored a sample of 244 UK adult male offenders convicted of offences involving indecent images of children (IIOC): 120 had a previous contact child sexual offence (defined as dual offenders) and 124 had no evidence of an offence against a child (defined as non-contact offenders). Offender groups were compared regarding their socio-demographic characteristics, previous convictions and IIOC possession. Key discriminatory factors that differentiated dual offenders were: access to children, previous offence history, sexual grooming and possession of IIOC that depicts similar-aged victims. In contrast, non-contact offenders could be identified from their greater amount and wider range of IIOC possession. The results suggest a homology between Internet behaviours, IIOC possession and victim selection. Implications for law enforcement agencies are discussed in terms of assisting investigative prioritisation by identifying those most at risk of committing sexual abuse against children.     

法条竞合该往何处去——以交通肇事罪与过失致人重伤、死亡罪关系为例

法条竞合的研究主要是探寻与想象竞合如何区分,这不仅是理论问题,更是实践课题。遗憾的是,各种学说的混乱,法条竞合适用已然"伤痕累累"。试图建立起法条竞合的城堡,一劳永逸的阻挡想象竞合的侵犯并不可行。归本溯源,法条竞合存在的价值在于维护罪刑法定,要求司法最大程度的尊重立法,限制想象竞合的滥用。因此,不能再拘泥于法条竞合内涵的完善与统一,应当转变视角,追求一种共识即新的路径:基于罪刑法定,构成要件符合的常识性判断是司法的基础,合理怀疑排斥想象竞合的适用。     

论想象竞合犯的若干问题

想象竞合犯是非数罪形态之一 ,虽然我国现行刑法中并没有想象竞合犯的明文规定 ,但理论上普遍承认这种犯罪形态。想象竞合犯在理论上 ,应承认异种想象竞合犯为宜 ;其法律性质作为科刑上的一罪来理解比较恰当 ;在想象竞合犯的情况下 ,行为人主观上实际是具有数个罪过。     

Reviews

Books reviewed:
Ibbetson A Historical Introduction to the Law of Obligations
Ripstein Equality, Responsibility and the Law
Rubio-Marin Immigration as a Democratic Challenge: Citizenship and Inclusion in Germany and the United States     

遏制青少年犯罪的新思路--关于聊城青少年犯罪的调查与思考

经调查,山东聊城市青少年犯罪人数占犯罪总人数已由1998年的30.7%上升到2000年的32.2%,青少年犯罪的特点主要表现为农村青少年居多,文化程度低,财产型犯罪居多,手段成人化等.解决的办法全社会要认识到预防和减少青少年犯罪的重要性和紧迫性,全社会齐抓共管,成人要率先垂范,为青少年做出榜样;在农村要加快农业各项事业,尤其是教育事业的发展,有效预防和减少青少年犯罪的发生.     

自杀的认定及其相关行为的刑法评价

刑法中认定自杀有主客观两方面要求。在主观方面,被害人不仅应当认识到并且意欲死亡结果发生,而且必须自愿地、也即自主决定地选择了死亡。对于自愿性的判断应当以有效承诺的主观要件为标准。重大的动机错误同样导致不能成立自杀。此外,被害人还必须客观上事实性地支配着直接导致死亡的行为,在将不可逆转地造成死亡结果的最后关键时刻自己控制着事态的发展。自杀本身并非刑事不法行为,教唆或帮助自杀、对自杀者不予救助或者过失导致他人自杀等自杀相关行为也不应受到刑事处罚。     

危险驾驶罪罪过等问题之规范研究

危险驾驶罪是抽象危险犯,危险的实现并非其构成要件要素,危险的载体为追逐竞驶行为或醉酒驾驶行为自身。在具体危险犯中,危险的实现是构成要件要素,危险与行为分离,其载体为刑法保护的具体人或物。因罪过是对客观构成要件要素的认知与所持的态度,故在没有罪过阻却事由的情况下,行为人只要认识到自己是在道路上追逐竞驶或醉酒驾驶就意味着对与行为相伴随的抽象危险的希望或放任,动机可能是从抽象危险中寻求刺激或为了某一目的而放任抽象危险的发生等。在刑法没有明文规定过失可以构成本罪的情况下,本罪的罪过只能是故意。法定刑的高低并不必然决定罪过的性质,法定刑的轻重还与犯罪的客观方面相关。罪过也不能仅从社会意义与便于司法操作的角度认定。对危险驾驶罪的体系性考察,应结合社会现实从刑法规范动态不平衡、相互协调的角度才能得出合理的结论。