连带债务共同诉讼关系之探讨

我国现行《民事诉讼法》将连带债务共同诉讼作为必要共同诉讼的情形之一,要求连带债务人必须共同进行诉讼。学术界和实务界一致认为,应将必要共同诉讼划分为固有必要共同诉讼与类似必要共同诉讼,并将连带债务共同诉讼理所当然地归入类似必要共同诉讼的范畴。从民事实体法与民事程序法的联结点上来考察,连带债务共同诉讼应属普通共同诉讼,而非类似必要共同诉讼。     

多手段并用型"套路贷"犯罪若干问题探析

多手段并用型"套路贷"犯罪是一种以非法占有被害人财产为主导、采用多种违法犯罪手段逐步实施、实现侵财目的的犯罪,其侵犯的法益应表述为"必要法益+选择法益"。其中,侵犯财产权的必要法益具有构成"套路贷"犯罪与否的定性功能;侵犯"经济、社会生活秩序"的选择法益是在行为符合"为非作恶,欺压百姓"标准的基础上判断"套路贷"犯罪主体是否恶势力的重要因素。对于多手段并用型"套路贷"犯罪的数罪处断,应将法益标准与数罪关系结合起来考虑,即首先应根据"套路贷"犯罪侵犯的必要法益对个罪进行分类,然后再考虑个罪之间的数罪关系确定处断规则,从而作出择一重罪处断或数罪并罚的选择。     

论请求权竞合时诉的客观合并之形态

为缓解“案多人少”矛盾,很有必要以妥当处理请求权竞合纠纷为切入点,拓展诉的客观合并制度的研究。与我国《民法典》第186条规范目的相符合的是请求权自由竞合说与择一实现说。依据实体法的规定、学说及我国诉讼标的理论、诉讼制度,诉讼实务中可能出现规模化的后续诉讼。诉的客观合并具有现实必要性和理论上的应然性。随着请求权竞合现象增多,为了充分保障当事人权利、一次性解决纠纷,应尽快确立完整的诉的客观合并制度。就诉的客观合并的具体形态而言,不宜以客观预备合并应对请求权观念竞合现象。请求权观念竞合时采竞合合并较为适宜。请求权现实竞合时可允许选择合并与客观预备合并。     

Unearthing the realities of rape: Utilising Victorian newspaper reportage to fill in the contextual gaps

This article examines the realities of rape and sexual offences and their treatment through the legal process by use of media reportage, Victorian and modern; using this to contextualise and so to challenge the official record. The starting point is an identification of what constitutes ‹best’ evidence for an exploration of rape and sexual offences – evidence that permits better insights into the impact of such offences on the individuals involved, as well as into the factors governing the ability of the criminal justice process to promote the conviction rate in rape cases. By using a comparative historical perspective, and using media presentations (especially newspaper reportage) this article shows the enduring nature of stereotypes which govern the decisions reached by legal personnel and by jurors – stereotypes which have, since the Victorian period, remained profoundly gendered in ways that are unhelpful to the ‹victims’.     

想像竞合犯的理论探究

想像竞合犯,是指行为人实施一个事实行为,而同时触犯两个以上罪名的犯罪形态。其基本特征为:想像的犯罪竞合,实质的、裁判的一罪;基于单一或复合罪过的一个事实行为;同时触犯数个不同罪名的具体犯罪。想像竞合犯不同于规范竞合与结果加重犯。想像竞合犯一个事实行为的重复性,强调的是事实行为在数罪评价中的整体重复,包括准整体重复。打击错误原则上可以视为想像竞合犯的情形。对于想像竞合犯从一重处断。     

论警察法律素质的重要性

警察职务犯罪及违法现象的屡禁不止,对国家政权、警察形象以及法律秩序造成了严重危害。因此,加强和提高公安民警的法律素质尤为重要。无论是学历教育、非学历教育或是各种形式的岗位培训教育,都要加大法律教育的课程量。民警一般应掌握包括宪法知识、法学理论知识、刑事法律知识、民事法律知识,行政法一般原理及相关知识。掌握上述法律的一般原理,精通有关法律规定,并熟悉各法律部门的有机联系和相互制约关系,这是民警执法为民能力的基础。     

论未成年人网瘾形成的原因及预防

网瘾已成为困扰未成年人健康成长的严重社会问题,关乎国家、民族、家庭和未来。因此,必须引起高度重视,要认真分析未成年人网瘾形成的原因,并根据原因采取预防未成年人网瘾的具体措施,切实预防未成年人网瘾,减少未成年人违法犯罪,为未成年人创造健康成长的良好条件,真正把未成年人培养成为社会主义现代化建设的优秀人才。     

法益与罪数

将法益作为判断罪数的唯一标准,确实不尽合理,但是,法益于罪数论意义重大.想象竞合与法条竞合的关于区别在于,在想象竞合情形下,没有哪一个罪名能对行为所侵犯的法益作出全面的刑法评价,相反,在法条竞合情形下,其中一个法条能对法益作出全面的刑法评价.由于连续犯、牵连犯和吸收犯侵犯的都是数法益,从全面评价法益的角度讲,应当实行数罪并罚.认定不可罚的事后行为、事前行为的关键在于,看事后行为、事前行为在本犯之外是否侵犯了新的法益.     

Geographical profiling in a novel context: prioritising the search for New Zealand sex offfenders

The present work explores the utility and value of geographical offender profiling methodologies within a novel context, considering both theoretical and practical issues relating to their application. The effectiveness of a well-known geographical profiling system, Dragnet, was tested across 101 New Zealand sex offence series, and findings compared with those derived for an equivalent sample from the UK. Average search costs (the amount of the total offence area that needed to be searched, starting from predicted offender home location, before the offender's actual home was reached) were far greater for the New Zealand sample than their UK offending counterparts. It is argued that this is because the spatial behaviour of New Zealand offenders violates many of the assumptions that Dragnet and other similar geographical profiling systems make in predicting offenders' home locations. Calibration of the system to the specific home-crime distance patterns of the New Zealand offenders did not enhance the efficacy of predictions made to a significant extent. It is consequently argued that, in their current form, geographical profiling systems are limited in their ability to account for samples displaying very different spatial characteristics to those that they were developed from and for. The implications of these findings for the general utility of geographical profiling are discussed, and ways in which systems might be developed in order to broaden their scope and applicability are suggested.     

Homicide and serious sexual offences committed by children and young people: Findings from the literature and a serious case review

This article is based on the findings from a Part 8 Case Review (Serious Case Review) conducted by The Bridge Child Care Development Service, and the subsequent overview report entitled ‘Childhood Lost: A Part 8 Case Review Overview Report DM’ (2001). The review concerns the case of a young male aged 18 (DM) who was convicted for the rape and murder of a child aged 11 (WN). The article highlights the key themes that have emerged from the case review. These include the complex issue of predicting and managing risk; effective inter-agency collaboration in reducing the risk of serious sexual and violent offending in young people; and the provision of specialist residential treatment facilities for serious juvenile sexual offenders. The key issues are located within the broader context of contemporary literature and research. It is established that children and young people who commit homicide and other very serious offences are highly likely to have experienced multiple and severe traumatic events during childhood. In addition without appropriate intervention, children with persistent risk characteristics have a high likelihood of committing further acts of aggression and violence. The review into the case of DM recommends that there should be a national strategy for the management and treatment of serious juvenile sexual offenders, and other young offenders at significant risk of serious and violent offending.