浅谈数罪并罚的几个问题

数罪并罚体现了刑罚的目的，是我国刑法适用基本制度之一，是罪刑相适应原则及有罪必罚、一罪一罚原则的必然要求。文章对数罪并罚在理论和实践中的热点、难点问题进行了探讨。     

The Case for a Rational Reconstruction of Consent in Criminal Law

This article argues for consistency in criminal law and the need for 'rational reconstruction' of the law where necessary to achieve this. It focuses Parliament's failure to respect the need for consistency by passing a statutory definition of consent in the Sexual Offences Act 2003 which appears to apply only to sexual offences. As a result, the law on consent risks being a patchwork of statute and ad hoc case law, without any overarching principle to deal with new situations and different offences. The consequent lack of certainty, accessibility, predictability and fairness is compared to the standards of the European Convention on Human Rights. The statutory definition of consent in the context of the sexual offences is assessed critically as a model which could be used in offences against the person and property offences. The article concludes that until Parliament responds to the need for certainty and consistency by legislating on consent, there can be no rational reconstruction of consent under the Sexual Offences Act 2003.     

Crime in Central and Eastern European Countries in the Enlarged Europe

An enlarged European Union not only means more territory and a greater population, but also more crimes and perpetrators of crimes. The European integration brings a new challenge to criminology. Comparison of crime statistics across countries is still one of the most difficult methodological problems in criminological analyses. Countries differ in respect of their penal systems and penal policies. Reporting and statistical systems are also different. How, then, can one compare crime between European countries? Can one say where it is safer or where the police work better? Can one determine what the manner of data collection should be so that it reflects reality accurately? This article concentrates on a representation of some trends of crime in Central and Eastern European countries. A main source of information about crime are official crime statistics collected according to the methodological rules worked out by the European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics. In the case of homicide, police data are confronted with vital statistics gathered by the World Heath Organization (WHO). The statistics on assault and robbery were compared, as much as possible, with the victimization data from the International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS). The socio-economic context of the crime, the main circumstances of the crime statistics, which affected the interpretation of the crime trends for Central and Eastern European Countries, is presented.     

洗钱罪主观方面之证明

我国《刑法》及《反洗钱法》都规定了洗钱犯罪的主观方面须为明知,而如何证明洗钱犯罪嫌疑人的明知则是洗钱犯罪诉讼证明中的重要环节。但是,仅有嫌疑人的自认尚不足以完全证明其明知的存在,还需要有其他证据来予以补强。这可以通过利用间接证据或推定来获得。此外,利用举证责任倒置而确立嫌疑人的有限举证责任,并以此来证明洗钱罪的主观方面,也不失为一个值得考虑的做法。     

交通肇事罪之“逃逸”解析——以台湾肇事致人死伤逃逸罪为借鉴

关于为何加重处罚交通肇事逃逸,我国学界长期以来争论不休。理论界主要存在的"逃避法律追究说"和"不救助被害人说"都不能指明交通肇事后逃逸与其他犯罪后逃逸的区别,因此也就无法合理解释处罚交通肇事后逃逸的原因所在。而借鉴台湾地区的刑法学理论,"确认利益说"说明了交通肇事后逃逸的特别之处,因而是可取的。     

The Abuses and Offences Committed During the Tsunami Crisis

The tsunami crisis of 26 December 2004 in South and Southeast Asia brought out the best and worst behaviours of humankind. The “worst behaviours”, some of which were criminal, should be taken as an important case study for criminology. The abuses and offences that took place following the disaster were committed by both the victims and other parties involved either directly or indirectly, e.g. authorities distributing donations and fundraisers. The tsunami provides a representative case study of a natural disaster situation, and reflects much of the opportunistic behaviour of a significant section of humankind even given the cost of human suffering. This paper discusses the reported “worst behaviours” or abuses and offences committed by different groups and tries to provide explanations for such criminogenic behaviours. Social disorganisation theory and opportunity theory will be discussed.

美国对犯罪与违法的法理界定

本文阐述的是美国关于犯罪本质的哲学解释。刑罚既包括过错犯罪。也包括严格责任违法,这两者代表了两种不同的刑事责任类型。美国学界主张过错犯罪的要点在于其是侵害公众利益的不法行为,并非由于其危害公众利益,而是因为公众负责处罚此类行为,即它们应该得到国家的处罚。不法行为得到惩罚是因其性质严重,它们不敬重社会公认的价值;只有当行为人违反重要价值时才应得到处罚,不仅是出于对刑法实用主义的考虑,亦取决于罪刑法定原则的内涵。美国学者分析过错犯罪和不太严重的违法行为,认为后者同样存在着损害公众利益的危险。     

预备合并之诉的合法性及其适用

预备合并之诉是有顺位的诉之合并方式 ,其构成有特殊的要件。在民事诉讼发展的历史上 ,预备合并之诉的合法性经过了长期的争论。现今各国民事诉讼都已承认预备合并之诉的实用价值 ,但对于它的具体程序仍有不同的学说观点和实际做法。在我国民事诉讼中设立预备合并之诉 ,应当解决如何判断主位请求“败诉”和诉讼费用的负担等实务问题。     

亲亲相隐制度的现代法学价值解读

“亲亲相隐”制度存在的现代价值主要表现在它契合了法的亲伦精神和刑法的期待可能性理论,体现了法对实质公平、正义、人权价值的追求,符合立法的中人标准以及法的经济效益原理,由此为“亲亲相隐”传统在将来中国立法中实现创造性转化开辟了一种全新的理论视野。     

共同犯罪案件的分案审理研究

共同犯罪案件的特征以及实现刑事诉讼价值的目标决定了共同犯罪案件原则上应该并案审理。分案审理只有在两种情形下才可以采用:一种是被告人人数众多、案情复杂,并案审理无法保障庭审质量和效率的;另一种是为保护被告人的利益而有必要分案审理的。分案审理,应该设立科学合理的决定程序:赋予法院分案审理的审查决定权,赋予被告人对分案审理决定的参与权、救济权,明确分案审理违法的程序性后果等。分案审理后,应该保障被告人的对质权,尤其应该赋予被告人对共犯的完整对质权。妥善处理前案裁判与后案裁判的关系,明确前案裁判对后案裁判没有预决效力,最多只具有参考价值。