完善刑事诉讼法官回避制度之思考

实现司法公正是法治社会永恒话题。司法公正包括实体公正和程序公正。法官回避制度在刑事诉讼中意义重大 ,但存在不少问题。笔者从完善刑事诉讼法官回避制度的角度 ,提出了一系列的立法建议 ,以期达到为实现司法公正的终极目标做出微薄贡献。     

试论我国的区域经济一体化与判决的自由流动

香港、澳门回归后,中央政府分别与香港特区和澳门特区签署了更紧密经贸关系的安排。内地与特区实施CEPA协议后,加速了地区经济一体化进程,客观上要求圆满解决在货物、人员、服务、资本流动中出现的各种争议,特别是要求实现判决自由流动问题。我国特别需要在宪法中明确规定中国区际司法协助的原则,即在＂一国两制＂下,相互尊重和信任各法域的法律制度及根据其法律做成的民商事判决,促进相互之间判决的自由流动。     

THE POWER OF DIVERSION: INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONS AND SENTENCING DISPARITY UNDER PRESUMPTIVE GUIDELINES*

Fiscal constraints and shifting political climates in corrections have recently led to a renewed interest in intermediate punishments. Despite their growing prevalence, though, relatively little empirical research has examined the judicial use of alternative sanctions as a sentencing option. By using 3 years of data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS), this study investigates little‐researched questions regarding the use of sentencing alternatives among offenders and across contexts. Results indicate that male and minority offenders are the least likely to receive intermediate sanctions, both as a diversionary jail or prison sentence and as a substitute for probation. The probability of receiving an intermediate sanction also varies significantly across judges and court contexts and is related to county‐level funding for these programs, among other factors. Findings are discussed as they relate to contemporary theoretical perspectives on the perceived suitability of intermediate punishments and on the unique role that offender agency plays in the sentencing of these cases. Directions for future research are discussed.     

论中国刑事法官对被告的客观照料义务

1996年中国《刑事诉讼法》修改后确立的"抗辩式"庭审制度,因被告方庭前取证难、阅卷难,导致审判时举证、质证能力不足。在这种情况下,若仅仅强调法官的消极、形式中立,难以使被告认同最终判决。故有必要赋予法官庭审时对被告的客观照料义务,不仅履行其对被告的消极尊重,尚需实现其对被告的积极照料。且法官对被告适当的客观照料,并不会导致其中立地位的丧失,反而能实现积极与实质中立。其客观照料义务体现在对人证进行补充询问,引出有利被告的证据信息;依职权或申请调取有利被告的新证据;并在特殊条件下,庭外保全、调取、核实有利被告的证据,从而确保控辩双方庭审时的实质平等。     

论有瑕疵仲裁协议的法律效力

生效的仲裁协议是仲裁程序得以启动的前提。在商事实践中,由于合同当事方缺乏仲裁知识且对仲裁协议也没有足够的认识,他们签订的仲裁协议（条款）往往由于内容不够完善而成为有瑕疵的仲裁协议。本文拟从以下几个方面探讨商事仲裁中瑕疵仲裁协议的效力认定问题：首先对瑕疵仲裁协议进行概念界定：其次从合同效力角度探析瑕疵仲裁协议的法律效力;最后对瑕疵仲裁协议进行分类,并依据我国仲裁法认定其法律效力。     

论具体行政行为的合法性判断标准

我国行政诉讼法律制度没有区别不同类型的行政行为,没有根据不同行政行为中的行政机关担负的不同职责而分别设定不同的合法性判断标准,“尽责即合法、未尽责即违法”的判断模式既不能适应审判实践活动的需要,亦与社会活动的复杂性和政府职能转变不相协调,现行的行政诉讼法律制度确有必要进一步修订完善。     

司法权威·法官规训·制度网络——对法官角色的一种法社会学分析

现代法治社会中,法官充当着社会治理的重要角色,而实现良善的治理效果却是以"治理"法官为基础的.在现代社会对法官的治理主要是通过知识规训、体制规训、道德规训等多个层面来进行的,而我国传统家国式的治理模式,行政与司法合为一体,法官不仅没有获致应有的权威性,而且治理法官的机制也存在着诸多弊端.因此,当前我国应该通过多重规训机制的综合来逐渐调和司法职业化与生活化、法官精英化与法院官僚化之间的现实冲突.     

全球化时代中国境外人口态势及社会问题透析

当代的全球化不仅仅是经济的全球化,而且还有政治、文化、教育、科技、体育、旅游和人口流动的全球化。在人口流动全球化日益扩展的国际形势下,我国的境外人口也呈现出大幅增加、成份复杂、分布广阔的趋势。日益增多境外人口在给我国经济和社会发展注入活力的同时,也出现了“三非”现象突出,安全问题的国际化、地区化程度加深,就业冲突日渐显现,保护境外人口合法权益的任务加重等问题。认清这些问题,对重构我国境外人口管理的理念、对策、方略体系具有重要的客体性价值。     

EMPLOYING MEDIATION TO APPROACH TRUANTS

Truants have been dealt with by state and school officials with heedlessness, suspension, expulsion, and placement under the power of the courts. One problem faced in decreasing truancy is its lack of a common definition. Statistics show high rates of truancy with kids who subsequently drop out of school and there is a strong correlation between drop-out and unemployment, welfare, low salary, and imprisonment. The juvenile justice system does not reach the root of the truant's individual problems or adequately attempt to solve or assist the child and family in its goal to develop constructive and autonomous individuals.
Mediation is an alternative to a punishment-oriented approach to truancy. Mediation is a process in which a neutral third party helps participants reach their own agreement for resolving a dispute. Mediation is adaptable to the many different causes of truancy and can provide multiple benefits to truants and their families. The Ohio Commission On Dispute Resolution & Conflict Management has the most accomplished and consistently progressing truancy mediation program in the nation.
Critics of mediation have scrutinized the process for not placing enough emphasis on mediation's major elements, such as premediation instruction, exploitation of the informality of the process, and a lack of funding, which may render mediation weak and inefficient. Maintaining and emphasizing particular elements will benefit jurisdictions in their utilization of the process.     

教育、社会分层与社会流动--以外来流动人口及其子女为例

教育与社会分层和社会流动有密切的联系。外来流动人口子女是城市未来稳定的重要力量和城市未来重要的人力资源来源。从边缘人角色的转变以及社会流动向上渠道的疏通等角度分析 ,外来流动人口子女受教育权力应受到重视。