教育、社会分层与社会流动--以外来流动人口及其子女为例

教育与社会分层和社会流动有密切的联系。外来流动人口子女是城市未来稳定的重要力量和城市未来重要的人力资源来源。从边缘人角色的转变以及社会流动向上渠道的疏通等角度分析 ,外来流动人口子女受教育权力应受到重视。     

论我国劳动争议处理体制的完善

“一调一裁两审”是我国现行的劳动争议处理体制。随着经济体制改革的深入,特别是企业劳动制度改革的深入,在司法实践中,诸如:解决劳动争议的周期长、成本高,劳动争议委员会法律地位不明确,仲裁机构本身具有局限性,弱化了仲裁高效率的职能,损害了劳动仲裁的权威性,仲裁与审判之间缺乏协调等问题越显突出。实行“或裁或审,裁审分轨”“两裁终决”,完善“三方机制”,通过制定法律法规,建立劳动法院,实行“两审终审”制等措施建立并完善现行劳动争议处理体制,使之促进市场经济健康稳定发展,也与国际劳动争议体制相接轨。     

我国法官的重组与分流研究

法官职业化和精英化是法治对现代司法体制的必然要求。我国现有法官人数过多,素质不高,不能满足这一条件。因此,应在重新界定我国四级法院性质和功能的基础上,按照现代审级制度的要求确定各级法院的法官员额和任职资格,并对现任法官进行重组与分流,以优化法院人员结构,构建法官少、辅助人员多的新型法院。     

短时交通流预测模型综述

交通流预测在智能交通系统中一直是一个热闹的研究领域，几十年来，专家和学者们用各种方法建立了许多相对而言精确的预测模型。本文在提出来交通流短期预测模型应具备的特性的基础上，讨论了几类主要模型的结果和精确度，并对交通流预测领域今后的发展趋势作出展望。     

判决过程中法官的价值发现

法官作出判决的过程中总是存在着价值判断,法官价值判断的前提是对所审理案件的有关价值主体关于该案件判决的价值需要的认识,法官只有对案件判决可能有那些价值需要存在比较清楚的认识,才能在此基础上作出最好的价值选择,从而才能作出最好的判决。对判决价值需要的认识取决于法官的价值发现,法官审理具体案件的价值发现主要有四个方面：一是法官对讼争各方需求价值的发现;二是法官对社会主导公正价值观念的发现;三是法官对适用该判决的法律中的价值发现;四是法官对自身需求的价值发现。     

THE POWER OF DIVERSION: INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONS AND SENTENCING DISPARITY UNDER PRESUMPTIVE GUIDELINES*

Fiscal constraints and shifting political climates in corrections have recently led to a renewed interest in intermediate punishments. Despite their growing prevalence, though, relatively little empirical research has examined the judicial use of alternative sanctions as a sentencing option. By using 3 years of data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS), this study investigates little‐researched questions regarding the use of sentencing alternatives among offenders and across contexts. Results indicate that male and minority offenders are the least likely to receive intermediate sanctions, both as a diversionary jail or prison sentence and as a substitute for probation. The probability of receiving an intermediate sanction also varies significantly across judges and court contexts and is related to county‐level funding for these programs, among other factors. Findings are discussed as they relate to contemporary theoretical perspectives on the perceived suitability of intermediate punishments and on the unique role that offender agency plays in the sentencing of these cases. Directions for future research are discussed.     

Detailing Judicial Difference

In January 2004 Baroness Brenda Hale became the first woman to sit on the Appellate Committee of the House of Lords. Five years on, she has brought to her judicial role a lightness of touch that belies her increasingly significant impact on the court’s jurisprudence. Early forecasts that she would be “just a bit different” from her male companions have proved prophetic. However such assessments have stemmed primarily from a focus on her decision-making on a case-by-case basis. But what of her jurisprudence as a whole? This paper considers arguments for a more sustained and coherent methodological approach to analyses of Baroness Hale’s (and other judges’) jurisprudence as a framework through which to better understand and explore the potential of judicial difference and to better inform current debates about increasing judicial diversity in England and Wales.     

主审法官责任制的理论逻辑与制度设计

法官责任制是司法责任制的重要内容,是深化人民法院司法体制和工作机制改革的着力点和关键环节。建立和完善法官责任制,是防范冤假错案、实现司法公正的重要举措。实行主审法官责任制应赋予主审法官独立的裁判案件的权力,由其对所审理的案件负责,改变"审者不判、判者不审"的审判分离现象,能够有效去除审判权运行机制的行政化,提高法院的审判质量。