经侦情报信息研判方法初探

当下及今后相当长一段时期内，我国经侦工作仍将面临诸多更为复杂的问题，迫切需要经侦部门加强情报信息研判工作，切实以“大情报”精确制导侦查破案“小行动”的意识统领经侦工作。依据不同类型的情报信息，借助社会学相关的研究方法对经侦情报进行科学研判，为经侦工作战略和战术决策提供参考依据。     

日本预审制度介评

明治维新以前的日本没有产生现代预审制度。明治维新后，日本仿照法国法建立了法国式的预审制度。第二次世界大战后，在美国法的强烈影响下，日本从人权保障的需要出发，废除了法国式的预审制度，但并没有仿照美国建立起美国式的预审制度，而是形成了具有日本特色的新的预审制度：原由预审法官行使的部分预审职权分别由司法警察职员、检察官和侦查法官行使；实行检察官起诉独占主义和起诉便宜主义，起到了预审的功能；检察审查会具有对检察官起诉进行审查之功用；付审判请求程序亦具有一定的起诉审查功能。     

矛盾与协调：自由裁量还是严格规则

正确处理自由裁量和严格规则的关系在法官审判的实践中是极其重要的。从二者矛盾的产生原因出发，深入探讨法官应如何在司法实践中处理好二者之间的矛盾关系，以使二者相协调，可以最大限度地卖现司法正义。     

浅论青年人才的职业流动

随着市场经济的发展 ,青年人才的流动日益频繁 ,并呈现出以下发展趋势 :青年人才向高科技产业流动 ;青年人才向经济发达地区和发达国家流动 ;青年人才向外资和私营企业流动。充分研究青年人才流动的原因及当前存在的问题 ,并加强对流动的正确引导 ,使青年人才流动向着更合理、更科学的方面发展     

唐律中的请求罪

官吏出面为他人或为自己说情,被请托的官吏慑于某种压力或为了谋取私利,往往会网开一面而曲法办事。唐代为维护国家法制的公平,确保官吏依正理处理公事,严防官吏的贪污受贿行为,特设立了请求罪。     

试析清末司法改革中法官的选任办法

清朝末年,在筹设审检厅的过程中,法官选任成为清廷不可回避的问题。审检厅试办时期,法官任用没有明确的标准,经历了督抚自行掌握到法部随机选拔的过程。《法院编制法》确立了考试选任的制度,法官选任开始由随意性向规范性转变,但是,任用旧人的现象仍然比较严重,过去的论者往往将之归咎于新式司法人才短缺,事实并非如此,新式司法人才短缺只是清廷违法任用旧人的一个借口而已。     

Developmental Validation of RSID™-Saliva: A Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Strip Test for the Forensic Detection of Saliva

Abstract:  Current methods for forensic identification of saliva generally assay for the enzymatic activity of α-amylase, an enzyme long associated with human saliva. Here, we describe the R apid S tain ID entification (RSID™-Saliva), a lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test that uses two antisalivary amylase monoclonal antibodies to detect the presence of salivary amylase, rather than the activity of the enzyme. We demonstrate that RSID™-Saliva is accurate, reproducible, and highly sensitive for human saliva; RSID™-Saliva detects less than 1 μL of saliva. The sensitivity of RSID^TM-Saliva allows investigators to sample a fraction of a questioned stain while retaining the majority for DNA-STR analysis. We demonstrate that RSID™-Saliva identifies saliva from a variety of materials (e.g., cans, bottles, envelopes, and cigarette-butts) and it does not cross-react with blood, semen, urine, or vaginal fluid. RSID™-Saliva is a useful forensic test for determining which evidentiary items contain saliva and thus may yield a DNA profile.     

英美两国刑事法官的证据调查权评析

人们长期认为,英美法系的法官在法庭上一般是消极、被动地听审,却不能积极调查证据。事实上,英美两国的立法与审判实践却表明:法官可以询问证人、传唤证人出庭,或进行"庭外勘验"。尤其在没有陪审团参与的审判中,法官能更加主动地调查证据。这说明,英美两国的刑事法官并非完全消极、被动,特别是当庭审主体变为一元的职业法官时,他因对案件事实最终负责,而更加具有调查证据的天然冲动。由此可见,中国刑事法官在庭审中无需亦不能塑造成纯粹的仲裁者角色,而应保留适当的且受到法律合理规制的证据调查权。     

Nitrate and Nitrite Determination in Gunshot Residue Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis in Acidic Run Buffer,

Simultaneous determination of nitrate and nitrite in gunshot residue has been conducted by capillary electrophoresis using an acidic run buffer (pH 3.5). In previously developed capillary electrophoretic methods, alkaline pH separation buffers were used where nitrite and nitrate possess similar electrophoretic mobility. In this study, the electroosmotic flow has been reversed by using low pH running buffer without any additives. As a result of reversing the electroosmotic flow, very fast analysis has been actualized, well‐defined and separated ion peaks emerge in less than 4 min. Besides, the limit of detection was improved by employing large volume sample stacking. Limit of detection values were 6.7 and 4.3 μM for nitrate and nitrite, respectively. In traditional procedure, mechanical agitation is employed for extraction, while in this work the extraction efficiency of ultrasound mixing for 30 min was found sufficient. The proposed method was successfully applied to authentic gunshot residue samples.     

法治视野中的法官素质

法治视野中的法官素质除了良好的个人品性、丰富的社会经验外 ,更值得关注的是其对法的信仰、正义观念和超然的审判心理。法官对法的信仰应是对法律的绝对遵守和对法的自由批判的结合 ;法官的正义观念应遵循以平等为最高价值兼顾自由和以形式正义为核心两个原则 ;超然的审判心理要求法官在审理案件时必须努力排斥非法律因素和非理性因素。