构建女性中心的文学批评话语——伊莱恩·肖瓦尔特的“女性批评学”研究

伊莱恩·肖瓦尔特(Elaine Showalter)于20世纪70年代提出的女性批评学是英美女性文学批评的核心理念,对于确立女性中心的文学批评话语、构建英美女性文学史和塑造女性主体身份具有重要的指导意义。本文主要考察女性批评学的理论内涵和述评国内外对该理论的批评研究,试图在当代语境下对女性批评学作出较为全面客观的评价。     

Political discourse networks and the conflict over software patents in Europe

In 2005, the European Parliament rejected the directive ‘on the patentability of computer‐implemented inventions’, which had been drafted and supported by the European Commission, the Council and well‐organised industrial interests, with an overwhelming majority. In this unusual case, a coalition of opponents of software patents prevailed over a strong industry‐led coalition. In this article, an explanation is developed based on political discourse showing that two stable and distinct discourse coalitions can be identified and measured over time. The apparently weak coalition of software patent opponents shows typical properties of a hegemonic discourse coalition. It presents itself as being more coherent, employs a better‐integrated set of frames and dominates key economic arguments, while the proponents of software patents are not as well‐organised. This configuration of the discourse gave leeway for an alternative course of political action by the European Parliament. The notion of discourse coalitions and related structural features of the discourse are operationalised by drawing on social network analysis. More specifically, discourse network analysis is introduced as a new methodology for the study of policy debates. The approach is capable of measuring empirical discourses both statically and in a longitudinal way, and is compatible with the policy network approach.     

民事诉讼调解制度的未来——回归其本质

诉讼调解是一种传统的解决纠纷方式,它在彻底解决纠纷、维护社会稳定方面发挥着重要的作用,但是随着社会的转型,审判方式的逐渐改革以及人们权利意识的增强,诉讼调解在解决纠纷方面也暴露出了种种弊端,这些弊端已经使调解制度在一定程度上发生了异化,基于此有必要对诉讼调解制度进行完善,使其回归其本质——纠纷解决方式.     

Public Discourse of (De)legitimation: The Case of South Estonian Language

This paper focuses on two different argumentative strategies for dealing with a regional variety of Estonian, one of which may discourage the use of South Estonian in favor of Estonian, while another legitimates the lesser-used regional variety. These argumentative strategies are studied by critical discourse analysis (CDA) of six articles in Estonian language newspapers and magazines published in 2004–2005. The use of South Estonian is discouraged by presenting real or imagined threats that it will undermine Estonian. This discourse also parallels the Estonian-Russian majority-minority discourse of recent years by employing zero-sum arguments of the Estonian language losing to Russian as a consequence of the recognition of South Estonian. Language ideologies, which also construct some varieties worthier than others, re-enforce an essentialist representation of separate languages. This representation will work toward suppressing linguistic variation.     

中国古代文史与毛泽东军事思想的话语构建

毛泽东一生酷爱读中国古代文史,并形成了一种读书治国、治军的理念。毛泽东在诠释新民主主义革命和社会主义现代化军事建设的过程中,点评和使用了大量的中国古代文学与史学。他在遨游于中国古代文史时,不仅探索到了夺取革命胜利的妙道真经,而且借鉴了古代文史中经验教训的合理内核为社会主义军事建设提供了有益指导,更是承继了古代文史中的军事建设辩证法思想,为理顺治军大业提供了理论支撑。探讨中国古代文史与毛泽东军事思想的话语体系构建有助于学好历史,用好历史,构建中国气派、中国特色的话语体系。     

Power relations? What power relations? The de-politicising conceptualisation of development of the UNDP

The UN′s Sustainable Development Goals agenda points far into 2030, which shows that its post-war development endeavour is not functioning effectively. This article implements a discourse analysis of the UN Development Programme′s (UNDP) Human Development Reports (HDR) and exposes their internal contradictions. This analysis enables a critical reflection on the UNDP′s political position: its reports conceal the political causes of underdevelopment. By concealing the antagonistic/conflictual dimension of social issues – poverty, inequality, and exclusion – the UNDP naturalises the actual neoliberal order. The HDR turns political problems into technical issues; according to this approach, no power relations have to be changed in order to overcome underdevelopment.     

中国语境的非法证据排除规则论争——本土话语资源的批判性反思

针对非法证据排除规则的论争,当前我国理论界立场繁多,却有自说自话之嫌,改革主张繁荣,却缺乏系统整合。经过对话语资源的梳理,我国在非法证据排除规则的理论憧憬方面,呈现出结构主义与功能主义两种理路;在非法证据排除规则的改革进路方面,呈现出整体革新与渐进改良两条进路。经过对话语资源的整合,未来我国针对非法证据排除规则的论争还需要注重两个重要维度:一是对他域话语资源作批判性解读;二是对该证据规则的吓阻功能及我国制度环境的容纳能力作经验性研究。     

中国学生英语写作中的叙事性话语

中国学生和英语母语作者在英语写作中对叙事性话语的使用表明，中国学生比母语作者更倾向于使用叙事性话语来说明事物。这种差异来自于母语迁移的作用，导致迁移的原因在于中国人习惯于领域依托式的思维方式，而英美人却习惯于领域无依托式的思维方式。     

从政治话语向生活话语的转变——红村个案研究

语言与社会结构是共变的.人民公社时代村庄的话语特征是政治话语,它反映了政治身份在社会结构中的重要地位.实行联产承包责任制后,村庄在"奔小康"的生活过程中,政治话语逐渐为生活话语所取代.生活话语主要体现在村庄的喜庆活动之中.从政治话语向生活话语的转变,体现了村庄社会结构的变迁.