我国涉诉信访终结机制的建构

多年来,涉诉信访工作由于缺乏终结处理机制,重复上访、无限申诉上访层出不穷,严重影响了司法权威,乃 至影响到社会和谐和国家权威。研究表明,涉诉信访在法律转型时期存在着悖论,虽然在目前无法废止信访制度,但是 我们可以在具体的个案涉诉信访领域有所突破,构建涉诉信访终结机制,从而规范涉诉信访秩序。     

论刑法立法解释与司法解释的协调

目前,我国刑法的立法解释和司法解释存在失谐,其既有法律制度的因素,也有部门的因素和实践的因素。解决二者的失谐,必须实现刑法司法解释的规范化以及立法解释的经常化,而最根本的措施则是要完善制度、加强协调、强化监督。     

论刑事诉讼程序的完善

与国外发达法律体系相比,我国刑事诉讼的程序设计仍存在诸多缺陷和完善改进的空间:(1)无罪推定原则并未被正式规定和完全认同;(2)沉默权在我国应及早确立;(3)在程序法上,应把客观事实与法律事实加以区分,法律真实才是司法诉讼证明的首要任务;(4)简易程序的设计必须符合正当程序理念。     

认识相对主义与诉讼的竞技化

在当前证据法学研究中 ,存在着将认识相对性加以绝对化的倾向 ,由于实质真实的发现被认为是不可能的 ,因此形式正义取得了凌驾实质正义的地位。在这种观点的影响下 ,诉讼在一定程度上成为一种只重形式不重实质的活动 ,诉讼变成输赢之争而非是非之争。因此 ,新一轮对诉讼程序的轻视随之产生 ,其突出表现是普通程序简易审和引入“辩诉交易”。为了防止实质的不正义为程序正义所掩盖 ,我们应当重新审视客观真实的价值     

搜查理由及其证明标准比较研究

搜查作为对权利人“基本权利之侵犯”行为 ,国外及我国台湾等地区的法律在确定司法令状予以节制门槛后 ,仍难以避免搜查权力过度张扬而克扣、缩减个人正当权利 ,于是确立了搜查理由作为第二门槛 ,对此的证明标准因犯罪严重程度、搜查对象保护程度、搜查时间不同、被搜查权利人阻碍等差异设置了不同层次的要求。我国刑事诉讼法再修正时应借鉴其有益经验 ,在确立司法令状 (司法审查 )的框架内 ,针对搜查的不同情况 ,规定相应的搜查理由及其证明标准     

国际民事诉讼管辖权制度研究

国际民事诉讼管辖权制度问题,是我国年复一年的热门话题.在司法改革和纷纷议论制定国际私法之际,一系列有关的问题引起了讨论.本文就涉外民商事案件集中管辖、过度管辖和不方便法院原则、“一国两制“和“一事不再理“原则、网络环境下的民事诉讼管辖权的确定、涉外仲裁的司法审查制度问题、关于建立我国新的国际民商事诉讼管辖权制度体系等问题,进行简要的综合论述,提供建议,献计献策,供参考.     

Data envelopment analysis to investigate the Italian legal system and its reform

This work investigates the Italian judicial system and discusses the designing of a policy reform to boost the efficiency of courts, considering the human resources available as well as the expenditure generated by the process to deliver justice. The authors present the benchmarks and shed light on how policy makers embarking on such a process of reform may be misled by inappropriate model definition. In detail, the authors propose a comparative analysis of technical efficiency (TE) scores computed using data envelopment analysis, adopting the same output (number of settled cases) and two alternative sets of inputs (judicial expenditure and human resources). According to the results, without considering the information extracted from the two complementary benchmark analyses, policy makers might be misled in the reform process. Regarding the elements that affect the performance of courts, it may be possible to improve the efficiency of judicial districts by working on judicial procedures. Hence, these are the domains where interventions by policy makers may prove successful. As for policy implications, the models and benchmarks presented here could be used to devise a reform of the judicial system aimed at enhancing its TE, while also keeping public expenditure under control.     

How do interests,ideas, and institutions affect multisectoral governance? The case of tobacco governance in two Pacific small island developing states

Multisectoral governance has been recognized to be vital to regulate harmful commodity industries, yet countries struggle with reaching policy coherence due to government agencies' conflicting mandates and industry interference. Limited empirical evidence is available on how interests, ideas, and institutions intersect and influence multisectoral governance in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in Pacific small island developing states (PSIDS), often exploited by vested industry interests and whose non-communicable disease crisis commands urgent action to regulate harmful commodities. This study assessed the ways interests, ideas, and institutions intersect and shape multisectoral tobacco governance in PSIDS. Interviewee data collected in Fiji and Vanuatu show that the idea of individual responsibility, the limited recognition of commercial determinants of health, the centralization of authority, and the vulnerabilities of small island developing states, (including small population, land, economy, geographic isolation, and status as a developing economy), prevent these states from achieving policy coherence in multisectoral tobacco governance.     

罪刑法定原则及其司法化研究——以刑法解释为视角

罪刑法定原则的价值取向应当是限制国家刑罚权、保障公民自由,是入罪禁止机能和出罪解释机能的统一。我国现行《刑法》第3条具有中国特色的双向表述方式堵塞了去罪化的路径,应当修改为消极的表述形式。刑法解释是罪刑法定原则的必然要求,而罪刑法定要求以严格解释和可预测原则作为刑法解释的限度。为了真正实现罪刑法定的司法化,刑法解释需要树立新的刑法理念;进一步加强和规范立法解释并对刑事司法解释进行完善。     

21世纪电磁兼容技术展望

２１世纪严重恶化的电磁环境将对人类生活造成极大危害,文中介绍了国内外对电磁兼容的研究现状及发展方向,并提出了若干有效的防护措施。