试论政府化解社会矛盾纠纷的多元机制

深入研究新形势下社会矛盾纠纷表现和特点,积极探讨政府依法化解社会矛盾纠纷的基本路径,对于维护社会和谐稳定、保障改革开放深入推进和社会主义现代化建设事业的顺利进行具有重要意义。     

乌克兰国家安全危机分析

冷战结束后的相当长时间内,乌克兰在对外战略的抉择中不断陷入困境。在与国际体系的互动过程中,因处于大国地缘竞争的过渡地带,造成自身在领土安全和国家稳定方面的悲剧局面。乌克兰的外交重点处于西方或俄罗斯这两种外交方向的不断转换之中,通过平衡这两种政策的运用来增进国家的实力和利益。与此对应,大国通过遵守规则予以奖励,漠视规则进行遏制与惩罚的方式来应对乌克兰的对外行为。其结果是乌克兰与周边大国的互动逐渐陷入循环往复式的困境,处境变得日益糟糕。乌克兰内部的认同冲突根源于其处于特殊的地缘政治地带之上的历史互动与实践,并最终造就乌克兰的弱国家地位,使得其在国际体系中处于边缘化的角色,国家安全与诉求长期遭到漠视,在内外冲突的互动过程中,乌克兰的国家安全问题不断恶化。     

Five Areas of Value Judgement in Local Adaptation to Climate Change

Abstract

Climate change has generated several new theoretical and policy challenges, many of which concern how local communities ought to adapt to a warmer climate. This paper identifies and analyses a number of value judgements that come to the fore as local authorities adapt to climate change. Five categories of judgements are discussed: evaluation (how should the consequences of adaptation be evaluated?), timing (when should adaptive action be taken?), distribution (how should the benefits and burdens of adaptation be distributed?), procedures (who should be involved in adaptation decision making?), and goal conflicts (how should goal conflicts in adaptation be dealt with?). For each category, further research is needed to assist decision making at the local level.     

Rethinking the ‘Cold War’ in the Asia‐Pacific*

Abstract

Whereas the Yalta System collapsed and the Cold War ended in the Euro‐Atlantic context, the basic structure of the Cold War remains in the Asia‐Pacific region, and still provides potential sources for future conflicts. This paper reconsiders the regional Cold War and its implications for current international politics in the Asia‐Pacific region. It argues that the relaxation of tensions seen since the late 1980s resembles the 1970s’ détente in the Euro‐Atlantic region, i.e. recognition of a Cold War political status quo, rather than the ‘end of the Cold War’. Along with political and ideological confrontations, significant elements within the Cold War structure in the Asia‐Pacific are regional conflicts among its major players. Their historical correlation within the San Francisco System has been neglected in past studies. The paper suggests that re‐examining the disputes within a multilateral framework may provide a key to a breakthrough in understanding the current status quo.     

检察机关参与社会管理创新的路径--以法律监督实践为视角

社会管理与检察工作密切相关,既是检察机关履行职责的重要内容、发挥职能的重要领域,也是检察机关必须承担的重要社会责任。检察职能具有多样性,参与加强和创新社会管理的路径也有多种。根据法律规定和检察实践,以执法办案为依托,完善检察环节的各项工作机制,配合相关部门深化犯罪预防、制发检察建议、完善行政执法与刑事司法衔接机制、参与社会管理综合治理、参与“两新组织”和虚拟社会的服务管理,是检察机关参与社会管理创新的有效路径。     

Electronic media and popular discourse on Russian nationalism

This article analyzes electronic letters to the editor on the coverage of the riot in Kondopoga (2006) and the bombings in the Moscow subway (2010). Letters to electronic media are used for the first time as a source for popular opinion on nationalism and ethnic conflicts in Russia. The first argument of this study is methodological: a comparison between the polls and the letters suggests that letters to electronic media represent public opinion on nationalism even though Internet users still constitute a minority of Russian citizens. This study also claims that the letters under examination indicate a move from extreme nationalism to so called “banal nationalism,” the term coined by Michael Billig, during the period between 2006 and 2010. Finally, the article argues that the concept of the civic nation is not yet well understood or accepted by Russian citizens. Although this concept, expressed in Russian by the newly coined word rossiane, became somewhat more popular in 2010 than it had been in 2006, the ethnic understanding of Russian still prevails. The basis for the new identity rossiane, as it is presented in the letters, lacks common memories, myths and traditions that would resonate strongly in popular imagination.     

Relative Rebel Strength and Power Sharing in Intrastate Conflicts

According to bargaining theory, one would expect that governments in intrastate conflicts will only be willing to concede to power sharing agreements when they face relatively strong rebel groups. Previous empirical studies have not found support for this hypothesis because they have not operationalized the capability of civil war combatants in relative terms. I show that once one uses a relative measure of capability, one finds that power sharing is more likely as the strength of a rebel group increases. Additionally, the analysis indicates that the relationship between rebel strength and power sharing is stronger for political power sharing than for territorial or military power sharing.     

论集体土地所有权与土地承包经营权之间的冲突与协调

集体土地所有权与农村土地承包经营权并行存在于农村土地上的事实决定了两者之间必然会产生冲突与协调的问题。现实中,集体土地所有权与土地承包经营权之间的冲突普遍存在于农村土地的调整过程中、集体收回承包地的过程中以及农村土地承包经营权的流转过程中。严格限制集体调整承包地与收回承包地的权利,允许农民在自愿的基础上充分流转其承包地,建立集体土地所有权在土地承包经营权限制下实现的制度,可以达到协调两种权利的运行,构建和谐农村法秩序的目的。     

基于冲突理论的“80后”群体内潜在冲突研究

伴随着改革开放成长起来的“80后”农民工和“80后”大学生作为我国新生代群体的代表,经过二十多年的成长,已经或正在成为中国社会的生力军。然而,面对城市就业、教育、社会保障等稀缺资源,新生代群体内必将为争夺较好职业、获得向上流动的条件而展开激烈的竞争,甚至是冲突。借鉴西方社会冲突理论的研究成果,及早正视这一潜在冲突并采取措施,是有效化解冲突、维护我国长久稳定发展的必要手段,也是构建社会主义和谐社会的应有之义。     

论贸易与人权保护制度的协调

贸易与人权问题是各国对外政策博弈的核心之一。在整个国际交往过程中,贸易体制侵害和逐渐边缘化人权,人权的内涵与外延也曾一度因政治的原因被曲解。这些都是对人的全面自由发展和人类社会的共同进步的顽固阻滞。以“人”的视野去思考贸易与人权保护制度冲突的产生、冲突的动因与本质及冲突的协调理论与原则,这正是历史的要求和必然,也是文章的内容和目的所在。