国外劳资冲突替代性解决机制研究述评

替代性纠纷解决机制是西方国家解决工作场所劳资冲突的重要手段,也是企业内部人力资源管理的重要内容之一。在对国外劳资冲突替代性解决机制选择的影响因素、实施效果和影响实施效果的情境因素进行系统的回顾与梳理的基础上,研究构建了一个整合性的研究框架,并从替代性解决机制程序本身的特点、程序选择的影响因素、实施效果等方面探讨了劳资冲突替代性解决机制的未来研究方向。     

泰国的涉外民商事管辖权制度

在泰国,对不涉及不动产或与此相关的权利和利益的诉讼,由被告住所地或诉因发生地能行使地域管辖权的法院管辖;有关不动产或其他与不动产有关的权利的诉讼,由有地域管辖权的被告住所地法院或不动产所在地法院管辖.外国国家不能成为泰国法院的当事人;当事人不能自主地选择管辖法院;在外国法院待审的案件还可向有管辖权的泰国法院提交;泰国法律制度中没有不方便法院这一概念.     

Between resistance and negotiation: indigenous organisations and the Bolivian State in the case of TIPNIS

A government-driven road-building project, crossing the national park and demarcated indigenous communitarian native land Isiboro Sécure (TIPNIS) in the Bolivian Amazon, has caused considerable debate, divisions and conflict. Based on extensive fieldwork in Bolivia, I examine the conflict between 2011 and 2013, focusing on specific cases of micro-politics with examples of changing strategies, local negotiations and strategic framings in the interactions between the indigenous organisations and the state involved in the conflict. I show that the evolution of the conflict has been affected by these micro-political issues, as well as strategic state projects. Secondly, I focus on how discursive framings have legitimised advanced or marginalised certain solutions, ideas and interests.     

国内流离失所者及其保护及相关国际法问题

国内流离失所者与难民不同的是其没有跨越国境到他国而是在其本国境内流离失所,造成国内流离失所的原因也与造成难民的原因不同,武装冲突、普遍的暴力、侵犯人权、自然灾害等是造成国内流离失所的主要原因.随着国内流离失所者数量的大规模增加,其已成为国际社会面临的重要人道挑战.近年来,联合国发布了《流离失所者指导规则》,非盟制定了《关于保护和救助非洲流离失所者的非洲公约》,表明了国际社会将流离失所者作为单独的受保护的群体进行帮助和保护的趋势.此外,国际人道法中关于禁止在武装冲突中移送或迁移平民的规定,有助于防止流离失所,国际刑法则规定驱逐和移送平民人口构成危害人类罪、战争罪和灭种族罪等国际罪行,国际社会也有这方面的审判实践.联合国难民署、红十字国际委员会等机构将保护国内流离失所者作为其工作内容,并且在保护国内流离失所者中发挥了重要作用.     

‘Nomad savage’ and herder–farmer conflicts in Nigeria: the (un)making of an ancient myth

Abstract

Conflicts between sedentary farmers and nomadic pastoralists (herders) are a common phenomenon in Africa. In recent scholarship, environmental change, structural violence and capital flows to agro-pastoral communities are identified as the core conflict drivers. Although scholars differ on the exact causal pathways, most arguments ultimately centre around competition over access to water and land. Yet there is a lot more to learn about the ecology of these conflicts, especially people’s perception of pastoral nomads and its implication for conflict resolution. The tendency among researchers is to explore the conflict as if it comprises only objective realities devoid of subjective beliefs. Yet my research shows that popular representations of Fulani herders in Nigeria today reflect ancient stereotypes of nomadic peoples. By ignoring this subjective dimension of the conflict, we limit our understanding of its causes and the reason(s) behind its protraction, and, by extension, are blinded to the need for prejudice reduction. This paper argues that the perception of pastoral nomads as savages is a factor in the conflict because it shapes people’s relationship with, and reception of, Fulani herders. Hence, it must be grasped, probed and included in the visioning of conflict resolution.     

美国防止利益冲突的经验及其对我国的启示

防止利益冲突法是国家为了厘清公益与私利的界限,约束公职人员的行为,防止公职人员公权私用、以权谋私（或以职谋私）,保证其廉洁从政的法律规范。美国是防止利益冲突立法较早并取得良好成效的国家。美国成功的秘诀是：法律可操作性强,监督有效、到位,相关配套制度完备。虽然我国在建立防止利益冲突制度方面也进行了探索,但由于停留在党纪政纪层面,缺乏权威性、强制性和威慑力。我国的防止利益冲突制度设计粗糙,可操作性差,加之监督不力,相关制度不完善,因此,成效甚微。为了有效遏制和预防腐败,我国应当尽早出台《防止利益冲突法》,同时应当完善相关法律,如《公职人员财产申报法》、《政务公开法》、《行政程序法》、《新闻法》等。     

我国区际继承法律适用之比较——同一制抑或区别制

我国区际继承法律制度存在诸多差异,在法律适用方面亦然,其中最主要的冲突是关于同一制和区别制的采用,这为解决我国区际继承纠纷带来了障碍。通过比较四个法域有关继承法律适用的规定,为协调我国区际继承法律冲突,四地应签订协议,对于区际继承法律适用采取同一制。     

The Recognition,and Res Judicata Effect,of a United States Class Actions Judgment in England: A Rebuttal of V ivendi

United States' courts have proven willing to certify multi‐jurisdictional class actions which purport to adjudicate the claims of both American and foreign (i.e., non‐US‐domiciled) class members. This article contends, however, that a class actions judgment/settlement issued by a US court would not be recognised, and would not be given preclusive effect, in England, should absent English class members wish to re‐litigate the same grievance before an English court. Specifically, it is argued that two separate preconditions for such recognition and preclusive effect would fail, viz, a US court would usually lack the requisite ‘personal jurisdiction’ over absent English class members; and the necessary ‘identity of parties’ would be absent. The article seeks to anticipate the appropriate answer to a conundrum which is certain to arise for future English judicial consideration, whilst acknowledging the uneasy fit which currently exists between English private international law and multi‐jurisdictional class actions.     

论银行公司治理制度的构建

在银行中,利益冲突的范围不同于实体经济中一般的工商企业,但是,一直以来银行的公司治理制度并没有给予银行中特别的利益冲突以特别关注。美国2007-2009年的金融危机表明,有必要调整和改革银行的公司治理结构。银行功能的社会公益性以及银行中特殊的利益冲突和其它的特点使得在构建银行的公司治理结构时,不能够简单地适用普通公司的治理模式,而要在股权治理、债权治理和监管治理之中寻求平衡。     

法律规范冲突事前预防机制的完善

我国法律规范冲突的解决,必须建立一套较为全面的贯穿于立法、执法、司法、法律监督始终的机制,与此相适应,并建立起区别于西方国家的事前审查模式和事后审查模式的事前预防机制和事后排除机制①。本文仅从权限控制、程序控制和立法技术控制等方面,对建立与完善法律规范冲突的事前预防机制进行探讨。