河南省人民陪审团试点中的制度缺陷及其完善——以司法公信力为视角

在人民陪审员日趋花瓶化的背景下,河南的人民陪审团试点工作可谓开创了我国陪审制度改革之先河。争议声中的陪审团试点工作有序展开,逐渐深入,不但形成了具有相当规模的陪审团成员库,而且将陪审团试点应用于刑事、民事以及行政诉讼,所处理的案件亦具有明显的服判息诉率高的特点。与此同时,因受制度、体制制约等因素的影响,人民陪审团尚没有充分发挥其提升司法公信力的作用,还存在陪审团成员选任机制不健全、陪审团功能定位不明确、陪审团参审程序不规范等问题,亟待通过制度的完善加以解决,以进一步扩大司法民主的路径,促进司法公信力的提升,并推动适合我国国情的陪审团制度在法律上得以确立。     

英国陪审团的没落——小议英国司法改革中的陪审制度改革

英国的陪审制度曾经被资产阶级法学家热情讴歌,现在却走向没落。英国政府已经向议会提出《刑事司法议案》,建议对陪审制度进行大刀阔斧的改革。事实上,这项改革是十分必要的,因为时代改变了,曾经起过重要作用的陪审制度难以满足现实的需要和服务社会。同时,这项改革能够浮出水面,应归功于英国的政治体制和法律传统。     

陪审制度模式研究--兼谈我国陪审制度的改革

陪审制有两种模式英美法系的陪审(团)制和大陆法系的参审制.两者各具特色,各有利弊.我国人民陪审员制属于参审制模式,司法实践中,人民陪审员制没有发挥有效作用,应对其改革.     

人民监督员制度探析及建议--由国外相关法律制度带来的思考和启示

我国的人民监督员制度和日本检察审查会制度、美国大陪审团制度都是民众参与司法的模式。这些制度在司法理念和价值观念上有许多相同之处。但在选任方式、决议效力等方面也有很多不同之处。从国内外相关制度的比较中可以发现我国人民监督员制度的优点和不足。探讨这一问题。将有利于更好地探索和完善我国人民监督员制度。     

中国陪审制度研究——以成都市武侯区人民法院陪审工作为对象

中国陪审制度的诞生有其特殊的历史意义和政治作用。伴随着法治进程的发展，陪审的政治意味逐渐淡化，陪审制度本身的司法民主和司法公正价值获得越来越多的认可，然而也存在诸如缺乏具体法律规范、陪审员不能有效参与审判等许多弊端。陪审制度的具体运作过程显示，陪审员无论是在选任标准、参审方式还是具体审判情况都存在大量争议性问题，社会效果也不尽如人意。但是，陪审制度的存在符合人民群众的司法需求，能够在一定程度上体现司法民主及司法公正。当下，陪审制度的发展正处于一个瓶颈阶段，如何找到适合中国国情的陪审之路，如何使陪审制度走上规范化的道路，如何重新定位陪审制度的核心价值及基本功能和角色，是当前陪审制度的当务之急。，     

When a corporation rapes: perceptions of rape in civil court for corporate defendants

In recent years, the coupling of poor outcomes for rape victims in criminal court and the widening scope of legal responsibility for sexual assault has prompted plaintiffs to file civil suits for rape against corporations. Unfortunately, we know little about juror perception of civilly litigated rape against corporate defendants and most jury research involving corporate defendants concerns non-sexual injury cases (e.g. premises liability, automobile accidents). With the increasing number of corporations being sued civilly for rape, we need to understand how civil juries perceive these cases. The present study investigated mock jurors’ perceptions of a fictional civil rape trial against a hotel. Community members (N?=?155) read one of three trial summaries: Civil rape trial against the alleged perpetrator, civil rape trial against a hotel, or criminal rape trial. Results indicate females have higher pro-plaintiff judgments than males in civil court, perceptions of greed typically associated with civil litigation apply to rape, and favorable plaintiff decisions are most likely against a corporate defendant. Also, mental models suggest mock jurors conceptualize criminal and civil rape cases against an individual similarly. We discuss our results in terms of psychological, legal and practical expectations when suing for rape.     

Gruesome Evidence and Emotion: Anger, Blame, and Jury Decision-Making

Judges assume that gruesome evidence can influence juror verdicts, but little is known about the manner in which the influence is manifested. In a 2 × 3 study that varied the gruesome content of photographic and verbal evidence, gruesome verbal evidence did not influence mock juror emotional states, and had no impact on the conviction rate. Mock jurors who saw gruesome photographs, compared with those who saw no photographs, reported experiencing significantly more intense emotional responses, including greater anger at the defendant. The conviction rate when visual evidence in the form of gruesome or neutral photographs was included was significantly higher than the conviction rate without photographic evidence. Mean ratings of the inculpatory weight of prosecution evidence by mock jurors presented with gruesome photographs were significantly higher than those by mock jurors who did not view any photographs. Further analyses revealed that mock juror anger toward the defendant mediated the influence of the gruesome photographs in enhancing the weight of inculpatory evidence.     

论人民陪审员法官化倾向及其变革

我国的人民陪审员无论在角色定位还是选任程序上都有明显的法官化倾向,这与陪审制度的基本价值背道而驰,在诸多方面存在问题。消除这种人民陪审员法官化倾向,要对人民陪审员的选任范围、选拔标准、权利、审级、定位、选择机制等方面予以制度变革。     

论民事诉讼中的参审制度

我国的人民陪审员制度需要改名,称之为“人民参审制度”,同时对我国目前的平民参审制实行现代化的改造;改造的基本方面在于引入陪审团(参审团)制度,并同时实行专家陪审(参审)制度。     

Effects of Testimonial Inconsistencies and Eyewitness Confidence on Mock-Juror Judgments

This study examined the interaction between testimonial consistency and eyewitness confidence on mock-jurors' judgments of probability that the defendant committed the crime and verdicts. In a 2 (testimonial consistency) × 2 (confidence) between-groups design, 130 mock-jurors listened to an audio-taped trial of a person charged with armed robbery. Manipulations were contained in the prosecution witness's responses to detailed questioning by prosecution and defense attorneys. Although consistency is considered to be a key marker of accuracy, its impact on judgments was weak and nonsignificant. Witness confidence had a strong influence on judgments, whether testimony was consistent or inconsistent. We suggested that witness confidence may be more likely to emerge as a dominant influence on juror judgments when the testimony is wide ranging rather than relatively brief and concerned only with a specific issue (e.g., identification confidence).