从马克思的视角看教育公平

教育公平是我国教育改革中所面临的一项重要课题,无论是十七大报告,还是温家宝总理的《政府工作报告》,都特别强调了教育公平的重要性。马克思虽然没有专门、系统地论述过教育公平问题,但是,马克思的相关教育思想和公平思想,可以为我们正确理解当代中国的教育公平提供重要的理论依据和方法论的指导。     

The Effect of Distributive Justice on Willingness to Pay for Municipality Child Care: An Extension of the GEF Hypothesis

Public-goods dilemmas are characterized by conflicts between self-interest and the welfare of a group or society at large. Research has identified several factors that enhance cooperation in such dilemmas. However, less is known about how concern for distributive justice affects willingness to contribute in asymmetric public-goods dilemmas. To test the hypothesis that contributions to a common resource is related to perceived fairness, experiments were performed to investigate willingness to pay to the social service of child care in hypothetical societies. Experiment 1 aimed at replicating a previous survey study (Biel et al., 1997). Experiments 2 and 3 were extensions. In all three experiments subjects were asked to indicate how fair they considered different distributions of the quality of child care provided by their municipality. These distributions corresponded to the principles of equality, equity, and need. University students (32, 48, and 32 in the three experiments, respectively) served as subjects. Ratings of perceived fairness were positively related to willingness to pay. Other factors also positively related to willingness to pay included ability to pay, personal need, expected payment from others, and the number of households who had to contribute in order to maintain the quality. Furthermore, decreasing municipality size increased willingness to pay.     

试论相对不起诉及其不当性

随着相对不起诉制度于1996年在我国的确立,免予起诉制度在运行了十七年之后终被废止。该制度旨在追求司法效率,但却以牺牲司法公正为代价,不仅表现在对被害人与被不起诉人之间的保护失衡,而且存在着损害二者合法权益的隐患,甚至对检察机关与审判机关的公信力也产生了不同程度的减损。鉴于此,该制度的完善或存废问题值得我们进行深刻反思。     

传媒问责与司法独立

新闻自由和司法独立均系现代社会不可或缺的原则,二者应当保持良性互动的关系。然而传媒活动稍有不慎就有妨碍司法独立之嫌,司法出于自我保护的本能也会拒斥传媒。由于传媒与司法具有明显的角色差异,因此必须在保证司法公正的前提下最大限度地保障传媒的正当报道权利。     

宽严相济刑事政策与和谐社会

宽严相济刑事政策是我国刑事政策的新发展,同时也是对实行20多年的"严打"政策的反思和纠正.宽严相济刑事政策与和谐社都"以人为本",因而内在地联系在一起.构建和谐社会需要实行宽严相济刑事政策,因为它能满足和谐社会化解社会矛盾的需要、节约社会资源和刑事司法资源的需要;宽严相济刑事政策能促进和谐社会构建,因为它能有效地维护社会稳定,促进社会和谐,协调社会利益.所以,在构建和谐社会过程中,必须采取有效措施认真贯彻宽严相济刑事政策.     

Managing Equality in Social Dilemmas: Emotional and Retributive Implications

The equality rule is an important coordination rule in symmetric public good dilemmas. Although prior research emphasized that people use the equality rule out of efficiency concerns (as it helps to obtain the public good in the most efficient manner among group members), it may also reflect a true preference for fairness. More precisely, research examining emotional and retributive reactions as a result of a violation of the equality rule by a fellow group member showed that equality indeed is related to people’s personal values and what they consider to be fair. The present paper suggests that a violation of the equality rule results in emotional reactions, and these emotional experiences encourage further retributive actions. The different reactions following an equality violation are described as a function of three features: (1) the motives to use equality, (2) attributions for explaining the violation, and (3) the honesty of the given explanation. The write-up of this paper was partly supported by GOA/05/04 from the Research Fund of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven. The research and write-up was supported by a fellowship of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, Grant No. 016.005.019), awarded to the second author.     

收入分配的税收调控模式转变:从经济效率型到公平正义型

我国持续扩大的个人收入差距,是体制性和制度性发展模式导致的。从我国历次税制改革的情况看,税制的修改多注重其财政收入功能,税收调控收入分配的职能定位与税制模式的构建还没有实现有机的匹配。从经济效率型税收调控模式逐渐过渡到公平正义型税收调控模式,对于运用税收政策促进收入公平分配,实现分配正义,具有重要意义。     

正义、文明传承与后代人：“代际正义的可能与限度”

代际正义是一种新的社会正义形式。现在法学各个学科后代人权利、代际公平原则、可持续发展等问题的研究,迫切需要使用语义分析的方法对于代际正义的概念、特征和要素进行明确的界定,以使法学研究能够在一个清晰和确定的学术范畴基础上展开,避免由于对代际正义理解不同而造成理论上不必要的争议。     

高效视野下民事再审程序之优化

公正是再审程序的首要价值目标,但效率之于再审也绝非仅仅只是点缀。我国现行的民事再审程序虽然在一定程度上体现了对公正价值的追求,但效率价值却被严重忽视,效率低下的问题较为突出。鉴此,在高效视野下优化民事再审程序显得十分必要。这就需要在＂公正优先,兼顾效率＂、＂依法纠错＂与＂有限纠错＂相结合、尊重当事人处分权等原则的指导下,限制规范再审程序启动主体,科学设置再审事由,合理规划程序运作及确立再审案件预收费制度。     

法院受理鉴定结论争议诉讼案的法律思考

司法鉴定中,包括医疗纠纷鉴定在内,当事人对鉴定结论不满意或者有争议的情况非常多见,对此,法律明确规定,如因对鉴定结论有异议向人民法院起诉的,人民法院不予受理。法律之所以这样规定,有着客观上的原因。法院受理了该类案件,最后又予以驳回,也有着自身的原因。为防止这一情况的再次发生,有必要加强公众法律知识的普及,加强法院办案人员的法律理论及职业道德教育。