刑事政策走向下我国缓刑制度的完善

在不断坚持宽严相济刑事政策的司法语境下,完善我国的缓刑制度是极为必要的。目前,我国缓刑制度还存在适用形式单一、适用条件难以操作、执行流于形式,监管处于失控状态等不足。完善我国的缓刑制度,应当从缓刑的适用形式、实质条件、适用程序、考察制度、撤销制度等方面入手。     

预防青少年网络犯罪之立法反思与重构

目前我国针对青少年犯罪问题的法律体系不完善,专门针对青少年网络犯罪的法律法规更加落后、缺失。国家相关部门应该抓紧网络法律法规体系的建设,积极补漏补缺,把和网络相关的法律体系完善起来。对于预防青少年网络犯罪,完善法律并不是仅仅在刑事法律上的完善,对网络犯罪的刑法治理要基于其他相关民事、经济、行政法规对网络行为的规制,完善整个网络法律体系。     

How important are interview methods and questionnaire designs in research on self-reported juvenile delinquency? An experimental comparison of Internet vs paper-and-pencil questionnaires and different definitions of the reference period

There has been relatively little change over recent decades in the methods used in research on self-reported delinquency. Face-to-face interviews and self-administered interviews in the classroom are still the predominant alternatives envisaged. New methods have been brought into the picture by recent computer technology, the Internet, and an increasing availability of computer equipment and Internet access in schools. In the autumn of 2004, a controlled experiment was conducted with 1,203 students in Lausanne (Switzerland), where “paper-and-pencil” questionnaires were compared with computer-assisted interviews through the Internet. The experiment included a test of two different definitions of the (same) reference period. After the introductory question (“Did you ever...”), students were asked how many times they had done it (or experienced it), if ever, “over the last 12 months” or “since the October 2003 vacation”. Few significant differences were found between the results obtained by the two methods and for the two definitions of the reference period, in the answers concerning victimisation, self-reported delinquency, drug use, failure to respond (missing data). Students were found to be more motivated to respond through the Internet, take less time for filling out the questionnaire, and were apparently more confident of privacy, while the school principals were less reluctant to allow classes to be interviewed through the Internet. The Internet method also involves considerable cost reductions, which is a critical advantage if self-reported delinquency surveys are to become a routinely applied method of evaluation, particularly so in countries with limited resources. On balance, the Internet may be instrumental in making research on self-reported delinquency far more feasible in situations where limited resources so far have prevented its implementation.

未成年人犯罪预防体系下的工读教育——以上海的工读学校为例

工读教育是我国未成年人犯罪预防体系的重要组成部分,但面对当前社会的巨大变革,工读教育面临很多困难与问题。为了遏制未成年人违法犯罪的高发态势,我国应当以科学发展观为指导,进一步发展与完善工读教育。     

未成年犯中短刑犯的特点与改造对策

未成年犯中的短刑犯在服刑前缺乏约束,游荡社会,造成在服刑过程中呈现出态度散漫、自觉改造较难、急功近利、改造积极性差的新特点。我们必须在重新认识短刑犯特点的基础上,正视短刑犯教育改造的复杂性与艰巨性,增强刑事奖励的时效性,重新审视我们对短刑犯的教育改造手段和方法。     

Environmental Considerations for Trauma‐Responsive Juvenile and Family Courts: A Review of the Literature with Recommendations for Practice

Juvenile and family courts serve some of our most vulnerable populations, many of whom have experienced some traumatic event. People suffering with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are known to be more sensitive to environmental stimuli, and many of the environmental conditions within courts can be challenging for those suffering traumatic stress. Trauma‐responsive practices help foster conditions of healing, which can benefit both the court user and those who work within the court. Research reviewed in this article demonstrates the likelihood of negative behavioral and emotional responses to specific environmental factors for people suffering PTSD and other stress reactions, and offers recommendations to minimize environmental stressors.     

Parenting Styles and Juvenile Delinquency: Exploring Gendered Relationships

We use the NLSY97 dataset to examine the parenting‐delinquency relationship and how it is conditioned by parents’ gender, controlling for youths’ gender. Generally, neglectful and authoritarian parenting styles were associated with the highest levels of delinquency in youths. When the sample was split by parent gender, authoritarianism held up across both groups, but permissive and neglectful parenting was only significant for fathers. Independent of parenting style, boys have higher delinquency levels than girls. The strength and magnitude of this relationship is nearly identical in separate equations for mothers and fathers. Parental attachment was not a significant protective factor against delinquency for either mothers or fathers.     

Potential Impact of Research on Adolescent Development on Juvenile Judge Decision‐making

This paper discusses how biological and psychological literature on the developmental differences between juveniles and adults may affect juvenile judges in their “dual role” as retributive and rehabilitative decision‐makers in juvenile cases, specifically focusing on sentencing. Particularly, it discusses potential influences of this research on adolescent development regarding four factors known to be integral in juvenile judge decision‐making: legal factors, characteristics of juvenile offenders, and individual structural and social contexts in which judges’ decisions are made. To conclude, implications and recommendations stemming from this discussion are considered.     

A Life Table Approach to Estimating Disproportionate Minority Contact in the Juvenile Justice System

Disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in the U.S. juvenile justice system persists despite substantial efforts to reduce it. The juvenile justice system is comprised of a series of interconnected stages, yet few studies to-date use methods to measure DMC that take the cascading nature of the decision-making process into account. Our study addresses this gap by applying life table analysis to identify the cumulative nature of DMC across multiple stages of the juvenile justice system using data from 2008 to 2010 in Georgia that include white, black, and Hispanic/Latino youth. We then compare these state-level results to life tables from a national sample of black youth and a subnational sample of Hispanic/Latino youth. Our findings show that arrest/referral accounts for the greatest proportion of total system-wide DMC for black youth, but most of the total DMC for Hispanic/Latino youth results from later stages.     

论未成年人社区矫正的发展方向

由于未成年社区服刑人员的身心特点,需要对他们实行特殊的社区矫正制度。对此,应当恰当作出刑事判决、发展专门工作队伍、恰当开展矫正工作、努力避免消极标定。这些方面应是未成年人社区矫正的发展方向。