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161.
162.
在日本,少年非行是指14岁以上20岁未满少年的犯罪行为、14岁未满少年的触法行为以及虞犯等三方面的总称,主要由《少年法》及《儿童福祉法》等法律予以规制。《少年法》以少年的人权保障和健康成长为目的、以保护主义的社会复归为理念,与《儿童福祉法》等共同构成非行少年的法律保护体系。家庭裁判所以少年事件为主要审理对象、以保护处分为主要处罚手段,与社会福祉性质的儿童相谈所共同担负起日本的少年保护事业。官民协动与社会参与制度是对我们的最大的启示,我国要进一步加强少年保护理念的转变,完善我国的少年保护体制,将其建设成为全民参与的社会事业。 相似文献
163.
《刑法》没有规定无期徒刑减为有期徒刑后实际执行的最低刑期,也没有规定无期徒刑减为有期徒刑后的假释考验期限。对于前一个漏洞,已经通过司法解释弥补,但后一个漏洞依然存在。我国在减刑制度的立法技术上缺乏对国外经验的比较借鉴;司法实践中假释适用率过低;对假释本质的“恩惠说”认识导致假释条文虚置化;惩罚哲学上长期偏重罪犯的监狱内改造而轻视、忽视非监禁刑改造等,既是漏洞出现的原因,也是漏洞不被发现的原因。面对有权解释的缺位,可以根据合理解释原则,对这一漏洞给出不明显违背常识、常理、常情的学理解答。 相似文献
164.
Valerie R. Anderson William S. Davidson II Ashlee R. Barnes Christina A. Campbell Jodi L. Petersen Eyitayo Onifade 《心理学、犯罪与法律》2016,22(7):666-677
Most criminogenic risk assessments are developed and empirically validated on samples of boys or samples comprised of mostly boys, and subsequently applied to girls. Using a sample of male (n = 1,267) and female (n = 453) probationers, the purpose of the current study was to examine the potentially differential performance of the Youth Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (YLS/CMI) and the instrument’s eight domains for female juvenile offenders. Findings revealed gender differences in the predictive validity of the YLS/CMI in which girls scored significantly higher on the risk assessment, but recidivated at significantly lower rates than boys two years following the administration of the assessment. The predictive validity of the instrument was impacted by these gender differences in which the YLS/CMI total score was a better predictor of recidivism for boys (area under the curve (AUC) = .623) than girls (AUC = .565). The only subscales that significantly predicted recidivism for girls were the family (AUC = .607) and personality (AUC = .572) domains, whereas all of the subscales significantly predicted recidivism for boys. Directions for future research as well as gender-responsive assessment, programming, and policy implications are discussed. 相似文献
165.
The goal of this study was to assess the effect of a brief motivation enhancing intervention (MEI) on criminal recidivism. This was a multi-site, cluster-randomized clinical trial in six addiction probation offices. We randomized 73 probation officers (37 to intervention, 36 to control) and followed 220 substance-abusing repeat offenders that were allocated to them (111 intervention, 109 control). We report three measures of recidivism rate (self-report, police records, and combination of either of the two) and time to re-offending (police records) during a 12-month follow-up period. The proportion of re-offending and time to re-offending was not significantly different between offenders that received supervision plus intervention and those that received supervision-as-usual (SAU, no intervention). Our findings provide no evidence that supervision plus a brief MEI is more effective than SAU. 相似文献
166.
167.
Pedro Pechorro Cristina Nunes Lucía Jiménez Victoria Hidalgo 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2015,26(1):78-93
The aim of this study was to analyze the relevance of callous–unemotional (CU) traits in incarcerated juvenile delinquents. A sample of 160 incarcerated male youths was used. Results showed that youths with high CU traits had an earlier age of crime onset and of trouble with the law, and also had higher levels of conduct disorder. When controlling for age of crime onset, youths with high CU traits showed higher levels of general psychopathic traits and of psychopathy taxon membership as well as lower levels of prosocial behavior, but no differences were found for self-reported delinquency, crime seriousness, impulsivity-conduct problems, and general conduct problems. Also, no significant associations of CU traits with self-reported delinquency and crime seriousness were found when controlling for age of crime onset. Future studies of CU traits should take into account the specific importance of age of onset. 相似文献
168.
Beatriz Molinuevo Yolanda Pardo Leonor González Rafael Torrubia 《The journal of forensic psychiatry & psychology》2014,25(4):495-500
Despite the large body of research documenting parenting practices as risk factors for the development of child and adolescent disruptive behaviour, the association with psychopathy is notably less known. The goal was to examine, in 75 institutionalized juvenile male offenders, the association between self-reported memories of parenting practices during childhood (Alabama Parenting Questionnaire) and psychopathy (Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version). Results showed that ineffective parenting practices as inconsistent discipline and poor monitoring/supervision were significantly associated with increased levels of psychopathic traits. Interestingly, only two of the four facets of the construct, lifestyle and antisocial, were associated with these parenting behaviours. Findings highlight the importance of considering parenting practices in the study of the early development of psychopathy and suggest that the facets could be rooted in distinct underlying etiologic-dispositional factors with differentiated developmental pathways and different psychosocial correlates. The study lends support to the multidimensional approach of psychopathy as a syndrome. 相似文献
169.
非严重性侵犯音像制品著作权犯罪之刑罚适用——以对20个判例的实证分析为视角 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国当前对非严重性侵犯音像制品著作权犯罪案件的刑罚适用存在着适用短期自由刑过多、单处罚金刑适用较少的情况,而且缓刑适用率也相对较低,罚金刑数额的确定也比较随意。对这类案件适用刑罚时应慎用短期自由刑,注重缓刑的适用,扩大单处罚金刑的适用率。 相似文献
170.
赵新彬 《河南省政法管理干部学院学报》2014,(4):115-123
刑事侦查中处于被追诉地位的未成年人正当权利极易被忽视或受侵害,为有效实施少年利益最大化保护的原则,国际公约除了规定未成年嫌疑人享有辩护权、不得自证其罪等一般性诉权外,还制定了侦查组织和人员的专业化、犯罪背景调查、特别援助、隐私权特别保护、限制羁押等刑事侦查国际标准。我国已加入相关公约,立法上也在逐渐与国际标准接轨,但案件侦查过程中仍存在着专业化实质缺乏、审前羁押率较高、特别援助不到位、案件处理不及时、程序不够简约等差距,需进一步加强与完善,以体现对被追诉未成年人的司法和人文关怀。 相似文献