中国当代性法律批判

当今世界,各国都在探索改革有关性的法律的途径.在沃芬顿报告的影响下,许多性行为在世界上许多国家和社会中实现了非罪化.这一法律改革的最高境界就是福柯所反复论述过的:任何形式的性行为都不应当受到任何法律的惩罚.性立法不应依据道德的要求,而应依据当事人行为的社会后果及法律处罚对当事人所造成的后果.强奸和对儿童的性侵犯可以视同于伤害罪加以惩处.性或者属于道德的范畴,或者属于人们可以自由选择的生活方式的范畴.而法律不应当干涉道德范畴之内的事,更无权干涉人们自由选择的生活方式.     

酌定不起诉适用中面临的问题与对策——基于未成年人案件的实证研究

酌定不起诉具有贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策、程序分流、提高诉讼效率和合理配置司法资源等方面的功能。由于各种原因,酌定不起诉制度在实践中难以实现其承载的应有功能。基于对未成年人案件适用酌定不起诉的实际情况和适用中存在的突出问题,尽快修改酌定不起诉相关规定、改革考评机制、建立社会支持保障系统,才是解决酌定不起诉适用面临问题的关键。     

受贿罪问题探讨

受贿罪是我国目前多发而且社会危害性非常严重的犯罪之一。在分析了国内和国外相关法律规定和学者观点的基础上,认为受贿罪侵犯的犯罪客体是国家工作人员职务的廉洁性,犯罪对象为多种利益,既包括财产、财产性利益,也包括非财产性利益。在此基础上,作者还认为性贿赂也可以成为受贿罪的犯罪对象,因为性贿赂与普通的财物相比具有更严重的社会危害性,无论是国内立法还是国外刑法理论和法律规定都有类似规定,认定性贿赂为受贿罪的内容符合我国立法本意。受贿罪的犯罪主体为国家工作人员。除此之外,离退休的国家工作人员因为存在着"职务上的便利条件",也可以成为该罪主体,符合司法实践和我国刑法理论,也与我国国情相适应。     

防治少年不良行为的根本对策

根据日本对少年不良行为的统计分析,近年来日本少年总犯案率逐年递减,但是恶性刑事案件却有所增加。现行日本对少年的不良行为虽然采取了各种各样的防治措施,但是仍然有不尽人意的地方,比如,警察的过分干预,《少年法》的缺陷等都限制了对日本少年不良行为的矫治。要研究和找出产生少年不良行为的根本原因,要制定出切实可性的防治少年不良行为的根本对策。     

析家庭教育与青少年犯罪

家庭是社会的基本细胞,是人性、人生理想的启蒙教育所,父母的言行潜移默化地影响着青少年的成长。良好的家庭教育不仅是预防青少年犯罪的一道强有力的防线,也是造就人才的摇篮。因此,家庭对教育子女上的特殊功能是任何其它教育所不能替代的。预防青少年犯罪,要从父母自身做起,从家庭教育做起。     

针对青少年成长的实际,切实做好青少年犯罪的预防

近年来,青少年违法犯罪数量之多,发展之快,危害之大,性质之严重,都达到了非常让人震惊的程度。他们不仅对社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设起到很大的阻碍作用,更使很多家庭陷入痛苦之中。青少年犯罪问题要长治久安,应引起全社会的高度重视。     

家庭教育与少年犯罪的相关因子研究

现代家庭仍然是一个具有重要教育功能的单位,父母的教育方式和教育态度对子女人格的影响尤为重要。因此必须走出当今教育子女的种种误区,除了教育、引导子女学习和掌握所必备的外在专业知识外,还需要有良好的内在教育体系,即人格教育体系;并通过重建家庭,教育青少年有关家庭的真正价值与重要性,为我们预防与控制少年犯罪奠定基础。     

Outline Shape Analysis on the Trochlear Constriction and Olecranon Fossa of the Humerus: Insights for Sex Estimation and a New Computational Tool,

Sex estimation through visual analysis of the distal humerus can contribute to establishing the biological profile of an unidentified skeletal individual. Using statistical shape modeling, the trochlear constriction open curves and olecranon fossa closed outlines of 151 humeri were digitized and analyzed. The shape configurations exhibited strikingly different degrees of sexual dimorphism when evaluated using linear discriminant analysis with leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. The trochlear constriction performed poorly, correctly classifying 63.6% of the individuals. However, the olecranon fossa showed high sexual dimorphism, presenting a 94.0% accuracy. A simpler model using only two principal components was also generated. While the accuracy is slightly inferior (88.1%), it has the advantage of being constrained to bidimensional components that were translated into morphoscopic variables within a simulator interface. This allowed us to implement the method through a web application that does not require users to be trained in landmark digitization or have knowledge of geometric morphometrics.     

A Qualitative Examination of the Self-Medicating Hypothesis Among Female Juvenile Offenders

Substance misuse among criminally delinquent youth has typically been described as a concurrent part of their participation in risky and delinquent behavior. Using Khantzian’s self-medication hypothesis, this article presents an alternative view by presenting qualitative data which suggests that substance misuse for female juvenile offenders may serve as self-medication for mental health problems stemming from early trauma, often at the hands of their families. Based on the narratives of 30 female juvenile offenders, this article examines the lived experiences of girls with childhood trauma and substance misuse, followed by arrest and incarceration. The paper concludes with recommendations for juvenile justice and child welfare practitioners.     

Assessing the Accuracy of Life Event Calendar Data in an Offender Sample

Criminologists are increasingly interested in the effects of life-course dynamics on criminological development. However, detailed longitudinal data are difficult to obtain and possibly confounded due to recall errors. Life Event Calendars (LECs) are designed to reduce recall errors and are increasingly used as a method for obtaining valid retrospective data in criminological studies. Yet few studies exist that assess the accuracy of LEC data in offender samples. This study aims to fill this void. We compare data regarding the prevalence and timing of marriage, divorce, and childbirth obtained through an LEC to official registry data in a sample of convicted offenders. We examine whether the accuracy of the data vary by event or respondent specific characteristics. We conclude that the LEC data are quite accurate regarding the prevalence of marriage, divorce, and childbirth. The data are less accurate regarding the timing of these life events.