变性人婚姻家庭法律问题探析

变性对亲属制度形成严重挑战。变性人的性别识别方法,采用"户籍登记法";变性人享有结婚的权利和自由,但应向对方履行告知义务;变性是婚姻关系终止的单独的一种原因;变性不能解除父母子女关系,婚姻关系终止后,未变性一方直接抚养未成年子女,变性方承担子女的抚养费,可构建未成年子女抚养费信托制度;变性人对不满10周岁的未成年子女享有探望权;变性人没有生育能力,子女通过收养和人工生殖技术来解决,应建立人工生育子女协议公证制度。     

The Outline of National Responsibility in Juvenile Justice

Due to the absence of “National Responsibility”, the macro planning, overall layout and collaborative progress of Chinas juvenile justice system have been limited, resulting in incomplete legal system, large regional differences, cooperation barriers between departments and other problems. National responsibility advocates decisive determination and value of policy guidance. It differs from government responsibility and judicial organs responsibility in the aspects of subject, content and way of realization. From the perspective of national responsibility, we should speed up the progress of establishment of the Law on Child Welfare, perfect the system of child welfare, straighten out the internal rules of the criminal Procedure Law, refine the system of detention education, and coordinate the connection between the criminal law and the criminal Procedure Law and other departments. The funds needed for juvenile justice can be uniformly allocated by the state financial department. The state should coordinately develop the juvenile justice mode and vigorously develop juvenile justice social work organizations and social workers in the mid-western regions. It is necessary to clarify the responsibility distribution between judicial organs and relevant departments, strengthen the role of families and schools, and vigorously promote the coordinated development of public security organs, judicial organs, government departments and juvenile justice social worker organizations.     

关于完善男性间同性性侵犯刑法保护的思考——以平等权为视野

由于现行刑法中没有相关规定,男性间性侵犯的现象大量在法律空白中蔓延,造成了巨大的社会危害。因此必须从犯罪对象和犯罪手段两个方面着手对男性间性侵犯行为进行深入研究,并力求能够从立法上平等保护男性的性权利。     

论青少年犯罪的社区预防

近年来，青少年犯罪成为一个严重的社会问题。为了从根本上遏制青少年犯罪，我们必须利用社会的力量，形成职责明确、协同配合、齐抓共管的工作网络，切实做好青少年违法犯罪的预防工作。社区是城市管理体制的基础，是青少年学习、生活、娱乐和就业的重要场所。社区对青少年的成长，有着深刻的影响。立足社区，可以把闲散青少年、流动青少年和问题家庭青少年等群体有针对性的管理起来，强化预防青少年违法犯罪工作的力度，同时把学校教育、家庭教育和社会预防工作整合起来，形成预防青少年违法犯罪工作的社会联运机制。     

论我国未成年人前科消灭制度的构建

未成年人是一个特殊的群体，对未成年人的保护一直为社会所广泛关注。我国《刑法》关于前科报告制度的规定毫无例外地适用于未成年人，对于那些刚刚步入社会的年轻人来说，如果因曾经的犯罪行为而背负一生难以摆脱的“罪犯”标签，其负面影响之深远不容忽视。《中华人民共和国刑法修正案（八）》关于未成年人免除前科报告义务的规定为未成年人前科消灭制度的构建打开了一个缺口，引发我们关于建立未成年人前科消灭制度的深入思考。     

Male Versus Female Substance Abuse Patterns Among Incarcerated Juvenile Offenders: Comparing Strain and Social Learning Variables

The present study explores gender differences in substance use among a juvenile correctional population. Hypotheses derived from general strain theory and differential association/social learning theory are evaluated in order to examine the relative importance of family transitions, family dysfunctions, victimization, and peer substance use. The data include information on approximately 5,000 incarcerated juveniles (89 percent males, 11 percent females). Comparisons across gender indicate similarity with respect to alcohol and marijuana, but earlier age of onset and greater current use among females for most other substances. Regression analyses reveal similarity across genders in the preeminence of peer substance use as a predictor, but mixed results with respect to the influence of family factors and victimization. Findings are consistent with the tenets of differential association/social learning theory on the whole, but also indicate potential differences in sources of strain for males and females with respect to age of onset of alcohol/marijuana use.     

校园暴力的形成与消解

校园暴力越来越明显地侵害到学生的安全和学校的教学秩序。校园暴力个案与暴力程度均有增长,帮派情形明显。校园暴力的形成和增长,与许多具体的相关因素如学生的低自尊、学生在学习或情绪困扰上的挫折、被排挤、逃学、帮派力量、药物和酒精滥用等有关系。学校过大、学生人数过多、缺乏人性化、缺乏交流、缺乏参与空间等,也有重要影响。家庭关爱缺失、影视与网络暴力影响、社会冲突、失业和贫困、医疗保健的缺乏等,也成为重要因素。政府在规划、财政支持和行政管理等方面,发挥着预防和处置校园暴力的重要职责。在政府的主导下,学校、社区与警察的三方合作,教师、学生与家庭的三方合作,是消解校园暴力的重要途径。     

析共同正犯的几个问题

共同正犯理论是刑法理论的一个重要组成部分。根据我国的立法实际,采用形式的客观说来界定共同正犯的概念更为可取。就共同正犯的性质而言,它是介于正犯与共犯之间的中间类型,既有正犯的属性也有共犯的属性。按照不同的标准,可以对共同正犯作不同的分类。其中相互的共同正犯与附加的共同正犯、累积的共同正犯与择一的共同正犯等共同正犯类型,我国学者研究较少,应予重视。     

Developing an Empirically Based Typology of Delinquent Youths

A number of personality-based typologies have been developed to differentiatejuvenile delinquents. Some of these typologies have been faulted for theirmethod of construction, for their failure to provide outcome measures, orbecause they are dated and have not been retested with more recent delinquentpopulations. This paper describes efforts to develop an empirically derived,inductive typology of juvenile delinquents that can be used in appliedsettings to facilitate a better understanding of program outcomes and enableplacement authorities better to predict program effectiveness. The dataemployed in the analysis come from an outcome-based informationsystem—ProDES—that has been operational for more than4 years in Philadelphia. Unlike many such databases, ProDES was jointlydesigned by researchers and practitioners to serve a large system ofcommunity and institutional programs. Included among the outcome measuresare four standardized, self-reported personality scales that comprise 14subscales and form the basis of the typology. This paper describes themethods used to construct the typology, the substance of the classificationsystem, and its potential utility for program evaluation.