The New Equal Treatment Directive: Plus Ça Change ...

Directive 2002/73 enacted by the Council and Parliament of the European Union introduces substantial and procedural amendments to the European Community's `old' Equal Treatment Directive 76/207, providing, in particular, clarification of the definitions of concepts such as direct and indirect discrimination and (sexual) harassment. Yet, while the European Commission has praised the progressive nature of the new European legislation, a critical assessment of its provisions reveals some serious shortcomings and a host of missed opportunities. Although the new Directive generally reflects the spirit of the case law of the E.C.J., it does so without any originality or pro-activism meaning that the European legislature has once again left the initiative of pursuing sex equality in the E.U. to the Court.     

SUMMIT ON UNIFIED FAMILY COURTS: SERVING CHILDREN AND FAMILIES EFFICIENTLY,EFFECTIVELY, AND RESPONSIBLY

As president of the American Bar Association when the “Summit on Unified Family Courts” convened in May 2007, Karen J. Mathis welcomed summit attendees. Recounting the many reasons children wind up in court, Mathis observed that society is lucky if these problems even come before the courts. Too often, she said, the underlying problems of destructive behavior among youth are lost in the shuffle of too many lawyers, case workers, and judges. “Many times they’re ignored by the professionals among us who are not trained to be aware that the problems even exist,” she said. The solution to this fragmented approach is unified family courts, she concluded.     

论未成年人犯罪之社区矫正

社区矫正是非监禁执行方式之一，它能避免未成年人受到交叉感染，达到教育挽救未成年犯罪人的目的；它符合世界行刑发展趋势，是刑罚谦抑性和人道化的要求；它体现了“宽严相济的刑事政策”，而且，试点效果明显。然而，它在立法方面．矫正机构建制方面，矫正计划和方案上及社会保障方面还存在问题，因此，完善符合我国国情的未成年人犯罪社区矫正之措施势在必行。     

青少年犯罪成因心理学研究新进展

青少年犯罪问题及其成因是各国普遍关注的焦点,也是犯罪成因研究的主要领域.青少年犯罪的成因相当复杂,已经广泛涉及到了生物神经科学、心理学、社会学、经济学以及政策等层面,迄今还没有令各方一致满意的定论.作为犯罪行为产生的最直接的因素--心理层面的理论研究则是青少年犯罪成因研究中非常有特色的领域.近年来,青少年犯罪成因理论研究逐渐采取了科际整合的观点,结合各领域各个学科的研究对各类青少年犯罪进行研究.青少年危险模式包括了社区、家庭和个人等因素,提供了多元化的取向.我国的学者长期囿于传统的横断研究,鲜有对青少年犯罪进行纵贯研究者,需要进行青少年犯罪纵贯研究的尝试与探索.     

完善我国未成年犯社区矫正制度的思考

社区矫正作为一种体现人类文明的刑事执行方式被引进我国,无疑体现了我国社会的文明进步。社区矫正的根本目的是预防犯罪人重新犯罪,然而,任何一种事物受自身条件和外部因素的限制,其功能都是有限的,社区矫正也不例外。受刑罚理论、社会治安综合治理刑事政策的实施效果、我国当前政府组织模式和社区建设现状等各种条件的制约,我国现在正在进行的社区矫正并未达到政策制定者所预期的政策目标。应当以近几年在我国起步的社区矫正工作为媒介并且结合未成年人犯罪的特点,探讨开展社区矫正工作对教育改造未成年犯的必要性和重要性,并对如何完善我国未成年犯社区矫正制度进行思考,提出对策。     

Men's attitudes toward affirmative action: Justice and intergroup relations at the crossroads

Two studies were conducted to examine some factors that may motivate support of or opposition to affirmative action programs for women. In the first study, a sample of 96 French-speaking male managers and professionals were presented with one of three versions of an affirmative action program to benefit women in blue-collar jobs. The men were asked about their endorsements and beliefs about the program described to them and (using a neosexism scale) about sex equity. Results indicate that neosexist attitudes influence support of the program presented, and articulating adherence to a merit principle in affirmative action influences perceptions of fairness. The second study evaluated reactions to an affirmative action program targeting jobs similar to those of the participants. Four conditions were designed to determine which element or combinations of elements of information presented in the first merit condition might have a stronger impact on fairness evaluations. A total of 131 francophone male managers and professionals participated in this study. Results reveal that neosexist attitudes influence level of support for the program. Both neosexism and the four conditions had an impact on evaluations of fairness.     

英国少年司法政策变化之研究

将研究自《1969年儿童和青少年法案》实施以来,英国少年司法政策的变化。在经历福利模式和犯罪控制模式后,英国对现行少年司法制度进行了重大调整。在原先救助与保护的原则之外,根据变化了的刑罚理念、青少年犯罪现状以及社会舆论导向等因素,对少年司法制度更多引进了惩罚和预防的理念。这对于目前建设中的我国少年司法制度的构建和完善不无借鉴意义。     

大陆香港贿赂罪立法的比较研究

香港贿赂犯罪立法体系结构具有合理性、先进性以及较强的实践操作性 ,而大陆贿赂犯罪立法表现出滞后性和欠缺性 ,应借鉴香港贿赂立法的成功经验 ,完善大陆贿赂犯罪立法 ,从而全面有效地打击日益严重形式多样的源头犯罪——贿赂犯罪 ,为我国经济的发展营造良好的法律空间。