Expanding ‘Community’ in the Community Response to Intimate Partner Violence

Community coordination refers to a formalized system of collaboration between various social service agencies to help meet the needs of specific populations. In cases of intimate partner violence (IPV), community coordination includes a system of policies, information sharing, and referrals between the criminal justice system and counseling centers and shelters for survivors. The life model of social work practice suggests that social workers utilize both formal and informal groups as environmental resources for clients. In an effort to address the failures of community coordinated responses to IPV, community needs to be reconceptualized to include these additional groups, especially employers.     

Risk Factor Models for Adolescent Verbal and Physical Aggression Toward Fathers

Using a French-Canadian population-based longitudinal data set, we examine the impact of socioeconomic factors (paternal education and family structure); inherent individual factors (child gender and developmental trajectories of physical aggression from early to later childhood, problematic substance use), family environment (concurrent parent-child involvement, parental problematic substance use), and prospective and concurrent parenting process variables (mean parental supervision at puberty, concurrent punishment practices) as predictors of adolescent-directed aggression against fathers (in the last 6 months). A childhood behavioral pattern characterized by physical aggression showed the highest risk of adolescent-directed verbal and physical aggression toward fathers, regardless of sex. In terms of parental practices, verbal (and not corporal) punishment in the last 6 months significantly predicted aggression toward fathers. A childhood life-course of violence is likely to culminate in aggression toward fathers during adolescence. Beyond this risk, it seems that harsh verbal punishment by parents builds up the odds of child-directed aggression against fathers.     

Participation in Laboratory Research Result in Emotional Distress with One’s Partner: Comparing Violent and Nonviolent Couples

The present study compared impact of participating in laboratory research assessments on couples experiencing partner violence and nonviolent couples. Across two studies, 192 couples participated in a variety of potentially distressing laboratory procedures, including discussing relationship problems, viewing videotapes of their discussions, and completing questionnaires about personal and relationship problems. At the end of each laboratory session, participants rated their emotions about their partners as a result of having participated in the study procedures. Couples, recruited from the community, were placed into one of three groups: experiencing violence (V), nonviolent but maritally distressed (NVD), and nonviolent and nondistressed (NVND). Overall, study participants did not report high levels of negative feelings toward their spouses at the end of lab sessions. Few differences between V and NVD spouses were statistically significant, suggesting that violent spouses are not at greater risk than NVD spouses for negative feelings following study participation, although the finding of greater fear among V partners in one study deserves future attention. Relative to V and NVD couples, happy couples reported more positive and fewer negative feelings; NVD wives were the most likely to report negative emotions, in sessions involving a marital problem discussion. These findings can be used in discussions with Institutional Review Boards about the potential risks of laboratory procedures for violent couples recruited from the community.

The Police Reporting Behavior of Intimate Partner Violence Victims

In the current research, we draw on Canadian national data to examine the police reporting decisions of married and cohabiting intimate partner violence victims. Our analyses examine how police notification decisions are influenced by the demographic characteristics of victims and incident-specific factors. We find that the victims who contact the police more often live in a cohabiting relationship and with children. In contrast to predictions, we find that visible minority women more often call the police. Income, education, and employment status do not appear to shape the police reporting decisions of women. Finally, women who call the police are also likely to have experienced severe forms of violence including threats with weapons, injury, and the destruction of their property.     

论儿童权利保护与少年犯罪

少年权利被侵害或得不到尊重和保护 ,是造成其违法犯罪的主要原因 ;联合国《儿童权利公约》赋予儿童权利广泛的内涵 ,公约规定儿童享有生存权、发展权、受保护权和参与权 ,任何儿童都平等地享有这些权利 ;我国现有的保护儿童权利的各项制度需进一步完善 ;完善我国保护儿童权利制度的构思与设想 :立法完善、制度完善。     

建立和完善我国反家庭暴力法律机制的几点思考

在现代社会 ,家庭暴力不再是家务事 ,针对我国家庭暴力的现状 ,必须对其进行法律规制。鉴于我国现行反家庭暴力法律机制之欠缺 ,应从立法、司法、救助等方面加以完善。     

暴力方式与民心向背：寻找治理族群叛乱的条件组合

治理族群叛乱的目标既包括土地的控制,也包括人的控制,这是治理族群叛乱区别于其他形式叛乱的特点之一。人的控制实际包含两个内容,既包括人心向背,也包括人员数量的控制。人心向背关乎民众支持,而争取民众支持的必要性在于,虽然拥有民众支持并不必然导致叛乱的平息,但是没有民众支持是不能平息叛乱的。在族群叛乱已经发生的情况下,国家政府只有赢得更多当地民众的支持,才能成功治理叛乱。根据冲突各方的暴力行为方式及其对当地民众支持的影响,成功平息叛乱应具备国家政府有区别使用暴力、叛乱组织无区别使用暴力、当地温和派主导平叛行动等三个必要条件,以争取更多民众支持。这三个条件构成的条件组合,可以有效控制和减少叛乱组织能够招募到的人员数量,只要国家政府的平叛战略能够有效控制叛乱组织所招募的叛乱人员数量,叛乱组织就将走向衰败并最终消亡,也就是说这一条件组合能够成为国家政府成功平叛的一个充分条件。通过对结合俄罗斯、印度和西班牙等国家治理族群叛乱的经验和教训的分析,进一步证实了以上观点。     

Associations between national gambling policies and disordered gambling prevalence rates within Europe

Policymakers and other interested stakeholders currently are seeking information about the comparative effectiveness of different regulatory approaches to minimising gambling-related harm. This study responds to this research gap by exploring associations between gambling policies and disordered gambling prevalence rates. We gathered information about gambling policies for thirty European jurisdictions and past-year prevalence rates for disordered gambling for twelve of these jurisdictions. We present policy trends and prevalence rates and then describe the level of association between policy and prevalence. We observe one statistically significant association between policy and prevalence: rates of sub-clinical (i.e., Level 2) disordered gambling were higher within environments that mandated less strict regulation of advertising for online gambling. Finally, we discuss the implications of our research in the context of the current process regarding the pan-European regulation of gambling. Our findings do not offer evidence for certain assumptions made in the past by the European judiciary.     

严重暴力犯罪案件的特点及处置对策

严重暴力犯罪案件通常具有犯罪的预谋性、发案的突然性,危害的连续性和拒捕的凶残性特点,且不确定的因素增多,对参与处置行动的人民警察构成巨大的威胁。人民警察在处置严重暴力犯罪案件行动时,往往由于情况未明、准备仓促,过分轻敌、心存侥幸等导致较大伤亡。因此,我们在处置严重暴力犯罪案件行动时,必须吸取近年来处置严重暴力犯罪案件时种种血的教训,紧紧围绕国家法律的有关规定,根据严重暴力犯罪案件的不同特点,立足于现有武器装备和当地的实际,多措并举,依法制止严重暴力犯罪,尽量避免或减少人员伤亡、财产损失和恶劣的社会影响,努力提高公安机关处置严重暴力犯罪案件的能力。     

权力媒介普遍化的结构条件及其信息不对称问题

当代中国社会管理的一个重要局限就是政治权力的普遍化能力不够。权力普遍化意味着权力可以借助媒介符号在不同处境中面临不同的模式时,坚持相同的意义,并可以得出相同或相似的结论,其结构条件包括：意义框架的普遍化与惩罚期待的普遍化。由于信息不对称,中央政府难以有效监管地方政府,地方政府极易扭曲中央政令与法令,造成社会不稳定。只有法治才能通过具有普遍可能性的司法救济提供信息支持,实现普遍化的惩罚期待,克服信息不对称。但权力在依赖法律结构克服信息不对称的同时,也必须接受其意义框架的制约,为避免这种制约。权力对于法律采取一种欲拒还迎、割裂“合法一非法”二元规则化的工具性策略．致使法律也无法为权力提供功能支持。