青少年犯罪心理探微及预防

自从改革开放以来,我国的社会主义市场经济有了前所未有的发展。在经济发展的过程中,由于青少年自身的因素、家庭监护不到位、学校教育管理失当和社会因素等综合作用,导致青少年犯罪人数上升。面对这种情况,必须加强对青少年心理健康和思想政治教育的力度,完善教育体制,改善社会环境,提高青少年心理素质,从而达到减少青少年犯罪的目的,为构建社会主义和谐社会创造一个良好的环境。     

浅析未成年人犯罪的现状、原因及预防对策

近几年来,未成年人犯罪呈上升趋势,预防和防止未成年人犯罪,是一个非常紧迫和重要的任务。未成年人犯罪的现状是:1、在犯罪年龄上有愈来愈小的趋势。2、从犯罪行为来看具有贪利性,智能化的特点。3、从犯罪形式上看,共同犯罪人数增多,具有团伙性。4、具有反复性。     

论轻缓刑事政策对未成年人犯罪的适用

我国刑法中的未成年人犯罪是指已满14周岁不满18周岁的人犯罪。目前我国已满14周岁不满18周岁的未成年人约有近亿人,近年来未成年人犯罪一直呈上升趋势,这一现象已引起国家有关部门及全社会的重视。我国坚持并在世界上首先明确倡导了综合治理犯罪问题和整个社会治安问题的方针,针对由多种错综复杂的因素所制约和影响而产生和加剧的未成年人犯罪问题,我国更是强调应当采取综合治理的对策。对未成年人犯罪的综合治理,无疑是整个社会治安综合治理宏伟工程中非常重要的一个分支工程。在对未成年人犯罪的综合治理中,适用轻缓刑事政策,成为必不可少的一项十分重要的内容,它是构建和谐社会的一项重要内容之一。     

Law’s (Masculine) Violence: Reshaping Jurisprudence

This article critiques and expands upon the jurisprudence of law’s violence from feminist and lesbian/gay/queer perspectives. The incorporation of gender and sexuality into the jurisprudence of law’s violence, via the social experiences of women and gay men, highlights the masculine and heteronormative character of law’s violence, while bringing into view particular forms of law’s violence, and forms of extra-legal but thoroughly legitimate heterosexual male violence, that have remained invisible in previous accounts. A feminist analysis of violence also suggests that law’s regime of violence is neither totalising nor inevitable, and that possibilities for resistance, if not avoidance, do exist.     

我国前科制度与未成年人保护之理论探讨

我国法律法规中关于前科的规定不能作为界定前科概念的依据。前科的存在有一定的合理性,然而前科的永久存在不利于未成年人合法权益的保护。我国应加强对前科制度的研究,时机成熟时设立未成年人前科消灭制度,以完善前科制度,体现法律对未成年人应有的关怀。     

浅析青少年犯罪的家庭原因

家庭是青少年成长的＂第一课堂＂,在青少年犯罪的原因中,家庭环境因素不可忽视。家庭结构缺损或变迁,家长综合素质低下,家庭教育方式失当容易导致青少年成长过程中产生犯罪问题。从家庭社会角色出发,探索有效的家庭介入方法,与父母一起预防青少年犯罪,对青少年健康成长至关重要。     

Gender Differences in Specialization in Intimate Partner Violence: Comparing the Gender Symmetry and Violent Resistance Perspectives

Research on male domestic violence offenders has typically considered them to be highly specialized offenders, and specialized theories and policies have been developed to address this type of offending. Some scholars have suggested that intimate partner violence is not as specialized as has been previously assumed. Especially in terms of gender differences, intimate partner violence research and theory suggest some variability in the level of specialization apparent for offenders. The current study uses the gender symmetry and violent resistance perspectives of women’s use of intimate partner violence to examine gender differences in specialization among a sample of intimate partner violence arrestees. Analyses employed multivariate models estimating the diversity index as a measure of specialization in general and multilevel item response theory to assess specialization in intimate partner violence specifically. Results indicate that female arrestees demonstrate significantly greater levels specialization as compared to male arrestees, providing support for the violent resistance perspective. Implications of these results and directions for future research are discussed.     

Youth probation officers' interpretation and implementation of the Youth Criminal Justice Act: A case study of youth justice in Canada

Many juvenile justice systems are characterized by an amalgam of different principles and ideologies, which have been incorporated into laws and policies regarding youth crime. This study examines the perceptions of youth probation officers (YPOs) concerning the 2003 Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) in Canada, which is one recent case example of a mixed model of juvenile justice. For instance, although the Act emphasizes diversion and community-based sanctions for first time and minor offenders, it also allows for adult-length custody sentences for the most serious and violent youth. This study asked YPOs about their understanding of the YCJA and their ability to apply the Act in their daily work as well as their access to community programs in 2004 and 2007. The results as well as previous research on the YCJA and policy implications are discussed.     

Legal narratives as significant news sources about mental illness and violent crime

Media coverage about people affected by mental illness is an area of research that is extensively examined. Many scholars argue that the media depicts people with mental illness as inherently violent and dangerous within sensational narratives. These depictions are criticized for reinforcing the social stigma and disadvantages many of the mentally ill face. The media does, however, require news sources and, in the context of crime and mental illness, the courts are a significant source. Through qualitative content analysis of Australian newspaper articles, this research examines an under-researched and incompletely theorized area. In doing so, it demonstrates that media depictions of some mentally ill offenders reflect and heavily draw upon legal narratives and what is argued in court about these offenders in the context of criminal responsibility and legal insanity.     

Pacifying and integrating the favelas of Rio de Janeiro An evaluation of the impact of the UPP program on favela residents

In 2008, to curb the violence in the city and in preparation for its bid to host the World Cup and the Olympic Games, Rio de Janeiro installed the “Unidades de Policia Pacificadora” (UPP) program. The aim of this program is to increase security by restoring state control in the favelas and by integrating the favelas and their residents into the formal city. Based on an extensive literature review and 30 (in-depth) interviews with key stakeholders, including favela residents, this article evaluates the extent to which the UPP program has reached its goals 5 years after it was introduced. It concludes that the UPP program has deeply impacted the lives of favela residents. Fewer incidents of lethal violence have been registered. At the same time, residents generally feel safer, and pacified favelas have been integrated to some extent in the formal city. But these achievements have – literally – come at a price. Baile funk has left the favelas and the increased costs for public services and housing have compelled some residents to move to marginalized parts of the city.