PROTECTING OUR CHILDREN FROM SEX OFFENDERS: HAVE WE GONE TOO FAR?

On July 27, 2006, U.S. President George W. Bush signed into law the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act. This federal statute was created to serve as a tougher, more modern improvement of its predecessor in the ongoing effort to protect children from dangerous sexual predators. However, the Act did not amend the controversial federal mandate that all 50 states include the crimes of kidnapping and false imprisonment against a minor, committed by a nonparent, and without any sexual motivation or misconduct, as a crime requiring a wrongdoer to register as a sex offender. This Note demonstrates how the kidnapping and false imprisonment requirements of the Adam Walsh Act have led to a misuse of state sex offender registries to the detriment of the children they claim to protect. The solution that this Note proposes will provide each individual state with the freedom to decide how, if at all, these contentious offenses will fit into its sex offender registry, taking into consideration the state's unique statutory language, available child protective resources, and constitutional limitations. As a result, petty criminals who do not pose any real or specific threat to children will no longer be grouped with the most dangerous and violent sexual predators, child protective funds will be better utilized, and the public's attention will be refocused on the real threats to children, thereby satisfying the spirit and purpose of the Adam Walsh Act.     

绑架犯罪行为人心理探析

文章依据犯罪心理学的基本理论,通过对绑架犯罪行为人、相关人心理的实证性调查,从犯罪心理学的角度,对绑架犯罪行为人的图财心理、抗拒心理和报复心理进行了分析。这对于预防、控制、侦训、矫治绑架犯罪,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。     

绑架犯罪的心理指向浅谈

本文依据犯罪心理学的基本原理,通过对绑架犯罪心理指向的实证性调查,从绑架犯罪行为人的图财心理、抗拒心理、报复心理等方面,对我国当前绑架犯罪行为人的心理指向问题进行了研究和分析,以求促进绑架犯罪的预防、控制、侦讯、矫治等工作。     

绑架犯罪的条件变量及其预防价值

绑架犯罪的发生缘于一定原因 ,而持续过程依赖于一定的条件 ,应当说绑架犯罪原因条件与绑架行为之间是有联系规律的 ,但是传统的经验方法和思辨研究难以明辨因果之间的联系 ,因此 ,本课题研究引入行为科学的实证研究方法 ,把原因条件与犯罪行为的关系纳入变量与反应的关系范畴中进行观察和分析 ,在充分讨论1 0 0 0余例绑架案件因果关系的基础上 ,提出了影响绑架过程的各种条件变量所起的作用 ,其中对人质、赎金、犯罪方式、心理承受力、报案、侦查介入等变量条件的影响作用的讨论 ,对分析案情和解救人质的实际操作有重要的参考价值。     

绑架罪实行行为及成立要件研究

绑架罪是发案率较高且刑罚极重的罪名之一,司法机关应当慎重认定绑架罪的成立范围。要解决好绑架罪行为的具体认定,必须要结合绑架罪的法定刑,该罪侵害的法益,以确定其实行行为。只有做到这样,才能具体认定成立绑架罪的情形。绑架罪的实行行为包括客观上形成足以压制对方反抗的地位;主观上存在向第三人提出足以压制其心理反抗的胁迫内容的想法。但是,即便符合前述要求,如果根据案件事实,行为人没有实现其恐吓内容的可能性时,任然不宜认定为绑架罪。     

论绑架犯罪群体心理

本文通过对绑架犯罪行为人、相关人心理的实证性调查,对绑架犯罪行为人的群体心理进行了分析,这对于预防、控制、矫治绑架犯罪,具有十分重要的理论和现实意义。     

False allegation of child abduction

Cases in which a child has been falsely reported as missing or abducted can be extremely challenging to the law enforcement agencies responsible for their investigation. In the absence of a witnessed abduction or an obvious crime scene, it is difficult to determine whether a child has actually been abducted or has become a victim of a homicide and a false allegation. The purpose of this study was to examine falsely alleged kidnapping cases and identify successful investigative strategies. Sixty-one adjudicated false allegation cases involving 66 victims were analyzed. The mean age of the victim was 5 years. Victims came from generally unstable, high-risk family situations and were killed primarily by biological parents. Victims were killed because they were unwanted or viewed as an obstacle to a desired goal, or they were victims of abuse or maltreatment that ended in fatality.     

绑架罪中“杀害被绑架人”的罪数形态

绑架罪是一种社会危害性极大的暴力性刑事犯罪,理论界和实务界对此罪中的诸多问题存在着争议,"杀害被绑架人"的罪数形态问题即是其中之一。"杀害被绑架人"是绑架罪的加重结果,其罪数,一般共识是处断的一罪,这既考虑了司法价值判断,又考量了罪刑均衡的要求。     

对犯罪案件侦查过程的研究——以绑架案件为例

为应对新的社会治安形势,侦查机关实施了一系列的改革措施,以提高侦查破案的效率,其实质就是将现有资源条件进行重新整合,调整不适应现实需要的工作体制与机制,深挖潜力,提高效率.然而,所有这一切,都必须以犯罪案件侦查过程中存在的具体问题为依据.文章以绑架案件为例,对侦查过程进行分析,以期有助于侦查管理的改进.     

绑架罪司法疑难问题的梳理与评析

刑法规定,行为人绑架被害人后又将其杀害的依绑架罪论处,绑架杀人的犯罪形态应是牵连犯;绑架后又对被害人抢劫的,应对绑架罪与抢劫罪予以数罪并罚;绑架罪包含了两个具体构成要件,即敲诈勒索罪和非法拘禁罪。厘清绑架罪中的非法限制他人的人身自由,则是区分绑架罪与敲诈勒索罪的重要因素。