叔侄指数计算方法

目的 介绍计算叔侄指数的方法. 方法 常染色体STR基因座鉴定争议叔与孩子的叔侄关系.用引入血缘一致性系数法、引入共祖系数法和AI定律计算叔侄指数.结果 引入血缘一致性系数法、引入共祖系数法以及AI定律计算叔侄指数的结果一致. 结论 不同情形下3种方法计算叔侄指数的结果一致,孩子母亲参与鉴定计算所得的叔侄指数往往比孩子...     

Who needs Daddy Warbucks: The Kinship Guardianship Assistance Program should apply to children of those who surrender their parental rights

Families who find themselves in the middle of child protective proceedings have three possible outcomes: (1) the family can reunify; (2) parents voluntarily surrender their parental rights; or (3) the parents have their rights terminated. While it seems we should support children in the second and third scenarios equally, having funding sources such as the Kinship Guardianship Assistance Program (KinGAP) only available to children of parents whose rights are terminated, does the opposite. This Note proposes amending the eligibility requirements of KinGAP to include children of parents who surrender their parental rights which would encourage positive safe placements for children.     

Settlement of refugee women and children following the Second World War: challenges to the family

Abstract

Following the Second World War, refugees that were displaced as a result of conflict became a global concern. Many of these displaced persons were resettled under the auspices of the International Refugee Organization. Large numbers of European displaced persons settled in Australia, with significant numbers living in Queensland. The wartime and migration experiences of refugees have the potential to influence settlement experiences, and for displaced persons who settled in Queensland, these prior experiences continued to resonate within the family throughout the settlement process. Many refugee children became separated from their families, and while some were reunited, the process was lengthy and not without its difficulties. The effect of separation and loss experienced by these families dominated the post-war experience. It presented challenges to mothers, children and families as they negotiated the uncertainty of displacement and the potential for resettlement, and affected their approaches to separation and reunification. The separation and reunification of children and families played a significant role in the settlement process, influencing interactions with Australian organisations and the development of familial and social network connections during settlement. The legacy of conflict and separation continued to resonate within families and influenced perspectives of the ongoing settlement process for child refugees.     

Haplotypic blocks of X-linked STRs for forensic cases: study of recombination and mutation rates

In complex kinship cases, markers situated in haplotypic blocks may provide additional clues to other unlinked markers. We have established a protocol to amplify six X-chromosome microsatellites, located in two haplotype blocks, using PCR with fluorochrome-labeled primers and capillary electrophoresis. The segregation stability was explored in 92 unrelated families with individuals from three generations. Sixty-one different haplotypes were found in the DXS10079-DXS10074-DXS10075 block in the grandfathers and 96 in the mothers, with estimated haplotype diversities of 0.9828 and 0.9842, respectively. Fifty and 73 different haplotypes were found in the DXS6801-DXS6809-DXS6789 block in the grandfathers and the mothers, with estimated haplotype diversities of 0.9711 and 0.9742, respectively. We observed 10 between-cluster and one within-cluster recombinations in 99 female meioses. The overall per-locus mutation rate was 0.0034. This protocol allows for the characterization of the alleles of two sets of linked markers of the X-chromosome that can be useful in complex forensic cases.     

刑事诉讼中亲属免证之制度设计

亲属免证是指基于证人与刑事犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的亲属关系而免除其证人作证义务,它是证人免证制度的重要组成部分。亲属免证制度是中西方共同的法律传统,它的设立是价值权衡的结果。我国亲属免证制度的立法设计应明确亲属免证权的主体范围、免证范围和程序。     

The modern Lithuanian kinship system: a descriptive analysis of generational differences in reckoning the saliency of kin terms

Lists of kin terms were elicited from four different generational-status samples: children, young adults, parents, and grandparents. Lists were compared in terms of frequency counts of terms and their respective saliencies. Saliency was measured using Smith’s S, which combines frequency and the rank of terms in a list. Using primarily saliency, we are able to synthesize genealogical and cultural theories for analysing kinship. Genealogy was found to be an important variable, but variations across generations could only be accounted for by relying on cultural factors.     

家族血缘关系在中国文化中的作用

"亚细亚生产方式"的特殊性质,使得华夏先民在进入文明社会的过程中完好地保存了氏族社会遗传下来的家族血缘关系。这种关系在后来的中国文化中,至少起到了三个方面的作用:在政治制度上,"国"即为放大了的"家","君君臣臣"即为放大了的"父父子子",这种状况容易巩固超稳定的封建社会秩序,但却很难建立起有利于民主政体的公民社会;在行为准则上,"仁爱"代替了"博爱","礼教"代替了"法权",这种状况容易形成社会成员的自我约束力和社会群体的自我凝聚力,但却很难建立起有利于商品生产的契约关系;在信仰方式上,"人人关系"代替了"人神关系","宗法文化"代替了"宗教文化",这种状况容易造成复杂的人际纠葛,但却很难陷入非理性的宗教迷狂。     

One of the family: Domestic service in early modern Japan

This study investigates the effect of domestic service upon social practice and asks if domestic service led to self-affirmation and individualistic behavior in early modern Japan. It begins by describing various employees classified as domestic servants. Next the role of the servant as a member of the employer's family shows fluid kinship relations that resulted in changes in the family system and family practice. Contemporary theater is used to address some of the conflicting issues that these changes offered as challenges to patriarchal authority and how society reacted to these changes.     

Permanency for Children in Foster Care: Issues and Barriers for Adoption

The desired outcome for children in foster care is to be reunited with their parents or to be permanently placed in a stable home. Federal and state legislation directs increased efforts by the social welfare and judicial systems in the United States to act in the best interests of the child and to identify and reduce barriers to permanency. Records from two county dependency courts in Florida were examined and caregivers surveyed to identify issues that prevented them from adopting the child in their care, and to identify services that would have enhanced the likelihood of adoption. The findings and their implications suggest that more integration of the two systems and support for concrete assistance to caregivers are paramount to facilitating adoption of children in foster care.     

Section 8 orders on the public-private law divide*

While section 9(2) of the Children Act 1989 prevents a Local Authority from applying for a child arrangements order directly, a case file study of residence and contact orders made in 2011 found that a significant number of applications for residence orders in the County Court were supported and sometimes even instigated by local authority children’s services (Harding & Newnham, 2015). The findings of the study demonstrate that residence orders often formed part of solutions offered to the family and can even operate as an alternative to formal public law remedies in situations where the parents are no longer able to provide care, and grandparents or other relatives take over. In these ‘hybrid cases’ private law orders are used to resolve situations on the fringes of public law action and, in some cases, divert cases from voluntary accommodation or formal care proceedings. This article raises questions about whether cases are being diverted to private law remedies in an appropriate manner and argues that closer scrutiny of the practice is required to ensure that the rights of parents, children and kinship carers are appropriately respected.