Utopia in Crisis? Subaltern Imaginations in Contemporary Bihar

Abstract

The Subaltern Studies Collective inaugurated an important point of departure in Indian historiography and social sciences by demanding that attention be directed to subalterns (a term adapted from Gramsci’s Prison Notebooks) as makers of their own destinies. Their scholarship raises three issues, which are discussed in this article. The first of these relates to the empirical observation about subaltern resistance to elites. The second pertains to the analytical dichotomy between elite and subaltern modes of conducting politics. The third centres on the valorisation of a putatively coherent fragment that seeks autonomy from the totality of the state. The fundamental problem with the perspective advanced by the subaltern studies scholars stems from their implicit assumption that utopian ideals centred on reclaiming dignity and asserting social equality are necessarily derivative of European Enlightenment ideals.     

论劳动关系中的保密义务和竞业禁止

用人单位与劳动者约定竞业禁止可以减少用人单位商业秘密被侵犯的机会,但劳动者的保密义务不以当事人之间的明示约定为前提。用人单位与劳动者之间的竞业禁止协议必须建立在真正的契约自由的基础之上,以用人单位存在可保护的商业秘密为前提,并不得侵犯劳动者的基本人权。     

公司本质论纲——公司法理论体系逻辑起点解读

对公司本质的承诺直接决定着公司法理论的走向。本文从超越“唯一本质观”出发 ,全面评述了法人拟制说、法人否认说和法人实在说的理论优势和局限及其对立法实践的影响。在此基础上 ,介绍了“公司的合同理论”的基本主张 ,系统分析了该种公司本质观的理论优势 ,认为对公司本质的这种承诺必将引发公司法研究的整体转向 ,为公司法研究提供一个极具潜力的理论生长点。     

浅论我国涉外合同法律适用制度的完善

文章通过对中外涉外合同法律适用制度的比较分析,探讨了我国涉外合同法律适用制度的先进与不足,并提出了一些改进建议。     

Noncompetition Clauses: Unreasonable or Efficient?

Generally, legislators and courts look upon noncompetition agreements unfavourably. This paper questions the assumptions underlying the traditional theories on noncompetition clauses and advances two theories that have previously not been found in the legal literature. It is argued that noncompetition clauses are used as a device to self-select employees who desire a long-term contract with the firm. Furthermore, employees agree to these clauses to guarantee that the employer will make specific investments in the employment relationship. The noncompetition agreement protects the creation and distribution of the surplus of the employment relationship. Legal restrictions on noncompetition clauses have the danger of decreasing the ex ante value of the employment relationship. The result will be lower investments and lower wages.     

浅析经济国际化与当代劳动关系法律制度的变革

本文从经济法理论出发,初步分析了上世纪80年代以来,西方主要工业化国家在劳动关系法律制度领域发动和推展的“去管制”运动的过程,指出新的经济活动形式,即经济国际化的加剧发展是其根本原因。在我国当前急需完善相关劳动关系法律制度中,尤其需要重视和研究这一问题。     

用人单位非法解除劳动合同若干法律问题研究

当前劳动法及其他相关法律法规对用人单位非法解除劳动合同的规定相当粗糙,有必要对用人单位非法解除劳动合同中相关法律问题进行比较详尽的研究,为相关法律规定的修改及《劳动合同法》的制定提供理论支持。     

建设工程"黑白合同"法律问题研究--兼对最高法院一条司法解释的批评

"黑白合同"是一种交易现象,是指在交易过程中,交易双方基于某种利益考虑对同一合同标的物签订了价款存在明显差异或者履行方式存在差异的两份合同,其中一份作了备案、登记等公示并由双方私下承诺不实际履行.在当事人持不同合同主张权利的建设工程"黑白合同"纠纷中,究竟以什么合同作为结算工程款的依据,应看当事人的真实意思表示,并看相应合同是否存在效力上的法律否定.最高法院关于"黑白合同"效力的司法解释存在诸多问题,适用过程中可能引起灾难性后果.     

创新劳动初探

创新劳动是指运用智能发明创造新的产品、新的劳动手段和新的制度、方法等 ,以大幅度提高生产力的活动。它与非创新劳动相比有自己独有的特点 ,即原创性、不可拟性、生产周期的不确定性和高弹性、高风险性、价值的叠加性等 ,把握这些特点有助于我们深化对马克思的劳动和劳动价值论的认识和研究。     

Digital humanities and the history of working women: a cascade

In this introduction to the special issue on ‘Women's work in changing labour markets’, we argue that a combination of digital advances, notably the digitization of individual- and contextual-level data, the creation of internationally comparable occupation-based classifications, and the development of statistical models allowing for contextually informed analysis, has brought us to the brink of new developments in the field of women's work. Census and vital registration data contain more information on occupations of women than previously thought, and when used in combination with other digitized sources they allow one to assess the possible under-registration of women's work, as illustrated by some of the contributions to this special issue. Other contributions show how standardizing occupation-based classifications allows for temporal and regional comparisons of women's work and makes it feasible to study how community or regional characteristics influence that work. None of these developments – large-scale digitization of individual-level data, standardization of occupational titles and measures of stratification, and contextually informed analyses – is completely new; in some cases they are actually rooted in a venerable research tradition. However, in combination they might well constitute a cascade in the history of working women.