国内外女性民俗研究综述

民俗学界女性民俗的研究并非主流,其研究内容主要涉及女性的民俗文化探源和女性主义的民俗批评两方面。中国民俗学者从学科发生始就关注女性研究,但其研究成果分散且不相对独立。女性民俗研究的内涵,应从研究客体和研究主体两个层面来进行分析,女性民俗作为一个独特的研究视角,在整个民俗学界已经得到肯定,女性民俗的观念意识也在逐渐形成,而这毫无疑问带来民俗学研究发展的新契机。     

Rights Denied or Given： Changes in Women＇s Status in the Family ——Analysis of Changes in the Relationship between Mother-in-law and Daughter-in-law in the T Town of the Central Region of Hubei Province

本文通过对鄂中T镇6个村婆媳关系演变历程的深入调查,结合体制转型与社会变迁过程中出现的代际责任失衡趋势下农村三代妇女在家庭中的归属感、权利与地位进行分析,并对不同时期的婆媳关系在家庭中的演变过程与内在张力进行阐释,揭示妇女在家庭中的归属感、权利与地位是如何转变的。     

分析女性受压迫问题的另一视角——《女权主义政治与人的本质》述评

《女权主义政治与人的本质》是阿莉森.贾格尔的代表作。该书认为异化概念可以为系统分析当代社会女性所受压迫提供一个比阶级分析更恰当的理论框架。异化是当代资本主义社会中女性的普遍和基本体验,女性的彻底解放需要一种社会生产的全新组织模式和彻底消除女性柔弱气质。该书认识到了父权制和资本主义制度之间的同一性和彼此强化性,但用异化这个马克思在其成熟时期已然弃用的概念来做理论框架的基础使得贾格尔的分析有时会显得力不从心。     

关注配额 超越数字:比较中印两国妇女参政中的配额制

目前,配额制已成为促进妇女参政的重要机制之一。本文从中国和印度妇女与配额制有关的参政运动开始,比较两种道路的同与不同以及背后的原因。进而引发出有关的问题和思考:在配额制问题上如何既关注数字又超越数字?在妇女参政问题上如何激活我们的历史传统?妇女为什么要参与政治?参与进去后到底要干什么?     

Collecting on their investments,one woman at a time: Economic partnerships among Caribbean immigrant women in the United States

ABSTRACT

This article treats rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) from a constructive cultural perspective. The female-based African-Jamaican tradition of paadna (partnership) is examined within the theoretical scope of womanist (Black feminist) thought, a seminal discourse intersecting both the African diaspora and women's studies. Across the multiple scholarly approaches within women's and African diaspora studies, academic theory acquires cogency through legitimate correspondences with tangible liberating practices and traditions that can be documented and interrogated for conceptual insights. The practice of economic partnering is one such tradition that substantiates the ethical directives and imperatives of womanist theory and practice. A womanist reading of paadnas is proposed, not because the participants have any self-conscious commitment to feminism/womanism, but because of the institution's efficacy in enhancing the socioeconomic standing of Black families through a relatively small-scale capital enterprise. Through paadna networks, Jamaican women have transplanted a flexible self-help tradition to America that is arguably one of the most reliable sources of social and economic mobility among groups of African descent in the United States.     

Welcome baby programs

SUMMARY

Several successful prevention programs are recognized as exemplars of implementation. Complicated multidimensional interventions with different goals and directed at different target populations have been conducted with a high degree of fidelity using a common set of strategies. Future research priorities involve identifying the specific factors that promote implementation and determining what levels of implementation are necessary to achieve maximum program impact.     

‘Keeping the Ruins Private’: Anna Kavan and Heroin Addiction

Abstract

In 1964, the number of registered heroin addicts in Britain was 753. One of these was Anna Kavan, née Helen Woods. Beginning her writing career under the name Helen Ferguson, she wrote conventionally realist novels that enjoyed modest commercial success. In 1939–40, after a number of serious breakdowns and suicide attempts, and now calling herself Anna Kavan, Woods/Ferguson left a Swiss sanatorium addicted to heroin, which had almost certainly been therapeutically prescribed for sleeping disorders and severe depression. From then until her death in 1968, when she was found collapsed over a box of heroin, Kavan had an intermittent but intense relationship with the drug. This essay examines the ways in which Kavan has been constructed as an ‘addict writer’, both by her biographers and critics, and how this designation has influenced critical readings of her work.     

Motivational Interviewing as Governmentality: Shaping Victims of Men’s Violence into Responsible Subjects?

Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence-based counselling method that has spread rapidly in Sweden during the last two decades. It is a technique designed to empower individuals to change an unwanted life situation. Through interviews with a strategic sample of persons engaged in work with men’s violence against women, this article critically examines the use of MI in this context. By analysing the interviews from a governmentality perspective, it is suggested that MI is a technique to produce a knowledgeable, strong, and self-animated feminine subject, capable of making the “right” choices and subsequently “choosing” to avoid violence. Although this may be beneficial to some, the analysis suggests that this places primary responsibility on the woman subjected to violence for her predicament and future. This may in turn increase the risk of self-blame for those who cannot follow through with their commitment, and obscure and renounce the role and responsibility of both the counsellor and the rationalized neoliberal welfare state. In addition, the one-sided focus on the individual largely ignores the surrounding context, which may obscure men’s responsibility for violence. This may ultimately undermine the collective formation of a political subject from women’s shared experience of violence.     

It’s Boom Time! (Again): Progress Narratives and Women’s Sport in Australia

ABSTRACT

Over the last three years (2015–2017), various media articles have pointed to an apparent “boom time” for women’s sport in Australia. Evidence for this boom is drawn from examples such as the introduction of the Women’s Australian Rules Football League, the television success of the Women’s Big Bash League (cricket), and the rise in interest in soccer due to the international achievement of the Matildas. Such media reports reflect and reinforce a narrative of progress that assumes that gender equality is becoming closer with every decade. This paper employs a critical historical method inspired by the work of Joan W. Scott to analyse articles that have declared or commented on a contemporary boom in women’s sport in Australia. The 120 contemporary articles are analysed alongside 400 historical articles that present similar arguments and themes. In identifying similarities between the historical and contemporary articles, this paper raises questions about the reality of the so-called moment of progress we are currently experiencing, and discusses the possible consequences for feminism and social change in sport.