澳大利亚议会的立法方式

澳大利亚宪法没有规定议会行使国家立法权力时的具体操作程序、标准和范围 ,这为参议院和众议院的代表行使立法权留下了一定的活动空间。参众两院的代表从各自的政治倾向和社会利益出发 ,在立法过程中 ,以民主、正当、公平、合理为基础 ,不断形成新的立法方式 ,这些方式对议会立法活动既有积极的作用 ,也有消极的影响。     

北京市城市供暖地方立法的几个问题

根据北京市城镇供暖实际现状 ,提出应尽快出台有关地方供暖立法 ,并就立法的形式、调整范围、热费承担和计算、公用热力设施保护和相关法律责任问题提出建议     

西部开发与私权立法研究

西部大开发战略已正式开始实施 ,但“西部开发”并非中国之“专利” ,很多国家都有“西部开发”史。所以 ,借鉴国外成功之经验 ,吸取国外失败之教训 ,将会使我国的“西部开发”顺利进行 ,少走弯路。通过比较中外“西部开发”之措施 ,作者发现 ,私权在“西部开发”中具有十分重要的作用。     

Adivasiness as Caste Expression and Land Rights Claim-Making in Central-Eastern India

ABSTRACT

The adivasi population represents a special case in India’s new land wars. Strong individual and community rights to agricultural and forest lands have been enacted for this group based on notions of adivasi identities as primeval, but without linking these to economic and political influence. This article interrogates the adivasi land question seen through a caste lens. It does so via case studies in two states to understand the ways in which adivasi identity can be mobilised for its instrumental value and used to demand land rights. In Andhra Pradesh, the Supreme Court’s Samatha Judgement has prevented virtually all private mining activities. In Jharkhand, however, similar legislation is seen to be trumped by the national Coal Bearing Areas Act, as well as by former and current land acquisition acts that allow industrial land claims to take precedence over identity-based ones. Available evidence indicates the challenges involved in bringing support for land rights that are premised on a supposedly unchanging adivasi identity when these rights go against dominant interests. This circumstance serves to highlight the possibilities present in caste analysis to understand the plight of adivasis, despite their usually distinct treatment in scholarly analyses.     

The Politics of Caste in India’s New Land Wars

ABSTRACT

In this article we introduce the special issue through framing the debate on the role of caste in India’s current land wars. We draw attention to how caste consistently mediates land transfers in present day India by pre-empting, undermining, or fuelling processes of social contestation, as well as the ways in which land claims in turn shape realigned or reimagined caste identities. Based on this, we make three main arguments. The first and most obvious one is that in contemporary conflicts over land, caste matters in evolving ways that deserve attention. Second, we argue that caste and land are recursively linked categories that are produced and reproduced in continuous interaction, even as multi-scalar political economies (re)shape them. And third, that different registers of caste are articulated by different social groups in more or less overt ways as they stake often competing claims to land.     

Zimbabwe’s transition overload: an interpretation

ABSTRACT

The article argues that to understand the troubled history of Zimbabwe we have to pay attention to the multiple and incomplete ‘transitions’ that the country underwent within three decades. Each of these transitions was probably inevitable and the trajectory they followed may be the right one for each of the transitions. However, the transitions in Zimbabwe were intertwined in a not always mutually supportive way. Indeed, we also argue that eventually, Zimbabwe suffered from a ‘transition overload’ as the many transitions undermined or confounded each other. The article is also a caution against the preoccupation of individuals in Zimbabwean history. Finally, there are some lessons for post-conflict countries that are often faced with wide-ranging agenda that often include externally imposed items.     

关于刑事诉讼中沉默权制度的思考

沉默权制度是西方诸多国家刑事诉讼程序中保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人人权的一项重要制度 ,是保障人类尊严不受侵犯的法律手段之一 ,是刑事司法公正的标准之一。在我国法学界 ,关于“沉默权”问题一直存在较大分歧     

论《治安管理处罚条例》的修改与完善

现行《治安管理处罚条例》存在着违法行为的种类设定偏少、调整范围过窄,处罚幅度偏低、自由裁量权过大等问题,应予以修改和完善。修改和完善《治安管理处罚条例》,必须遵循正确的指导思想,明确调整范围,科学设置立法体例,增加被处罚行为的种类,设置科学、完整的处罚体系,完善公正、公开的处罚程序。     

谈道路交通安全立法

我国实行改革开放以来,道路交通迅速发展,对经济、社会发展发挥了重要的推动作用。但是,从总体上看,道路交通发展与经济、社会发展不适应,道路交通安全形势严峻,城市道路拥堵问题日趋严重,在一定程度上制约了经济的发展。因此,以法律规范道路交通安全管理刻不容缓。《道路交通安全法》的颁布是中国道路交通法制建设历程中的一座里程碑,是中国道路交通事业全面走向法治时代的崭新开端。     

近代中国破产立法探析

本文旨在以1906年晚清时期的《破产律》、1915年北洋政府时期的《破产法草案》、以及南京国民政府时期的《破产法》为线索,考察中国近代破产立法的产生、发展变化的历史进程及其规律性,揭示中国近代破产立法的特点,探寻近代中国移植西方破产法律制度,法律近代化的路径,并为我国当前的破产立法提供参考。