乡镇集体土地所有权的变革路径探析

乡镇集体土地所有权直接源于过去的人民公社所有权。目前,乡镇集体土地所有权主体虚置和缺失,乡镇政府成为该所有权事实上的代表,导致乡镇政府职能混淆,公权与私权不分,也使基层干部“一大二公”思想难以消除,集权式管理模式在农村得以继续;而且这种所有权从管理成本、行使效果来看,其效益都极低,应予变革,将乡镇集体的土地分别实现国有、村集体、村民小组集体所有。     

论抵押物的价值及其相关法律问题——兼论未来物权法或民法典应持的态度

我国<担保法>第三十五条对抵押物的价值与所担保的债权之间量上的关系,做了严格的限制,即抵押担保的债权数额不得超出抵押物的价值.这种限制的不合理之处主要在于,不利于物权法所具有的物尽其用的功能的发挥,而且在实践中也不容易把握.本文主要从如何理解抵押物的价值与所担保的债权之间量上的关系和对"重复抵押"的法理分析两个层面上,分析这一限制的不合理性所在,并对未来物权法或民法典应采取的态度,提出了建议.     

农民土地财产权权益制度保障研究

作为20世纪70年代开始的中国农村经济制度改革的原始起点和中心,家庭联产承包责任制不仅是目前与今后相当长一端时间内存在的农村土地基本经营制度,同时也是我国现代化农村土地制度安排中对农民土地财产权权益保护的结构性基础。但由于现行的有关农村土地制度中农民集体所有的产权安排存在着产权残缺等障碍,因此国家、集体和农民之间围绕着土地剩余索取权的仍然存在严重争议,农民的土地财产权仍然或多或少地受到不同程度的侵害。明确赋予农民土地财产权,并实现切实的立法和制度保护不能流于形式,如何既坚持土地国有下的家庭联产承包责任制,又切实有效地保障农民的土地财产权权益,就成为农村土地制度安排中的一个重大课题。     

假冒注册商标罪若干问题思考

文章研究了假冒注册商标罪中的几个疑难问题,并对本罪的立法完善提出两点建议。文章认为,假冒注册商标罪的罪过形式只有直接故意一种,“以营利为目的”不是成立本罪的必要条件;应以经营额而不是销售额或营利额作为“情节严重”是否严重的标准;本罪中的驰名商标既包括已注册商标也包括未注册的商标;应将情节严重的反向假冒行为和影射商标行为增加为本罪的罪状。     

刑事立法摆脱被动应对局面的思考——评全国人大常委会关于信用卡犯罪的立法解释与刑法修正案

全国人大常委会关于"信用卡"含义所作的立法解释属于越权解释,应以"银行卡"代替"信用卡".<中华人民共和国刑法修正案(五)>中关于信用卡犯罪的规定不够合理、科学,表明刑事立法没有摆脱被动应对的局面.根据信用卡犯罪的现状,为了摆脱被动立法的局面,为了增强刑法典的稳定性,为了更有效地惩治信用卡犯罪,应采取概括性的立法方式.     

论我国依法行政中存在的现实问题及对策

依法行政是依法治国的核心 ,但在当前却存在着诸多问题 :行政立法上存在空白 ;行政执法主体不规范 ;行政执法缺乏程序制约 ;行政执法人员的整体素质不高。对产生这些问题应采取的相应的对策是 :加快行政立法 ;改革行政审判制度 ;加强对行政执法工作的监督 ;提高执法人员的整体素质 ;树立法律信仰观念 ,破除官本位意识     

Racist Offenders and the Politics of ‘Hate Crime’

In the UK and USA ‘Hate crime’ has become a topic of public controversy and social mobilization around issues of violence and harassment. This has largely but not exclusively addressed racism, homophobia and gender based violence. This article has three objectives. First, to situate hate crime legislation within a broad theory of modernity;secondly to examine the politics of its emergence as a public issue; thirdly to use data from the authors' recent research in Greater Manchester to illuminate the complexity of the concept of ‘hate crime’. The centrality of ‘hate crime’ to current debates derives from the importance of rights-based regulation of complex societies and the juridical management of emotional life. Hatred and violence have become problematic behaviour thrown into relief by a long term civilizing process. Hate crimes have thus acquired powerful rhetorical focus for mobilization of victim and identity politics. With reference to racist violence in Oldham and elsewhere in Greater Manchester, we argue that in its application and construction, however, ‘hate crime’ is a complex phenomenon that might dramatize rather than regulate the problems it seeks to address. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

When Law Stands Still: Land Contracts in English Law and Law's “Abandonment” of Everyday Life

After the 1989 reform on land contracts - the Law of Property (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1989 - a contract for the sale or other disposition of an interest in land could only be made in writing. Behind what appears to be merely a “technical” rule of private law lies, hidden, something that is rather more serious than that - the figure itself of nothing less than the relationship between law and everyday life in Europe's systems of private law. Text and context, alone, are necessary but insufficient analytical steps to uncover such a figure. Instead, it is here suggested, one must rethink the relationship between law and everyday life in terms of “abandonment”.Building on (without necessarily fully endorsing) philosophical insights from Heidegger, Nancy and Agamben, the paper provides a first inroad into one of the most troubling aspects of the modern nation state - law's abandonment of everyday life. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Money laundering laws as a political instrument: the social cost of arbitrary money laundering enforcement

The paper explains the reasons for modern money laundring legislation, namely to reduce the incidence of certain primary offences. Whereas enactment and effectuation of this legislation is costly, its postive effects typically materialize in other jurisdictions (positive external effects). The paper shows that international covenants seek to give direct incentives to overcome the possible underprovision in anti-money laundering legislation and enforcement. The paper also shows how, in such an international context, anti-money laundering legislation can be easily misused as a political weapon in the cross-border fight against "unwanted individuals" and gives concrete examples for such an arbitrary enforcement.

村民自治的立法缺失及完善

随着我国村民自治实践的逐步深入,村民自治立法中存在的问题也逐渐凸显出来,主要 表现为对“两委”关系、乡村关系、村民会议制度、村民自治权的救济等方面的规定不够完善,过于 原则化,缺乏可操作性,因此,要确保我国基层民主政治建设健康发展,必须尽快完善村民自治的法 律制度。