论深化征地制度改革的路径选择与优化——基于公平与效率双重价值目标的考量

全国各地土地征收实践中大量纠纷和冲突的不断发生,迫切要求深化土地征收制度改革。而且,公平与效率作为衡量法律制度优劣的重要尺度,也切实要求深化土地征收制度改革。基于市场化改革的理论共识,结合实践经验和政策指引以及国外制度建设的启示,深化土地征收制度改革就是突破现有的制度障碍,遵循公平与效率双重价值目标,区分公益性和非公益性用地,构建农村集体土地征购和出让制度,进一步完善我国现有的农村土地征收法律制度体系。     

论“土地财政”的效应、成因及其法律解决之道

“土地财政”是指地方政府在财政资金短缺的情况下,主要利用土地出让法律制度和土地税费法律制度来获取财政收入以充实本地政府财源的行为.地方政府的“土地财政”行为引发了正负两方面的效应,对负效应的分析显然更为重要.地方政府的“土地财政”行为有其深刻的制度成因.解决“土地财政”的法律措施是完善财政收支法律制度,合理配置中央和地方的财政权限;改革和完善财政转移支付法律制度;改革现行的土地制度和土地征收制度.     

Food Import Dependency in Cuba: Still the ‘Achilles’ Heel of the Revolution'?

The ‘Special Period in Peacetime’ plunged Cuba into an austerity programme of great severity. The crisis forced agriculture to shift dramatically from a model based on trade dependency (sugar exports providing most of the foreign currency) to one prioritising food import substitution. This alternative brought about major transformations in the country's agriculture. It revolutionised food production and decentralised land ownership. This article asks whether or not these changes reduced food dependency in Cuba. It provides an updated picture of Cuba's food import dependency, with a particular emphasis on the increased role of small farmers in food production during the 2000s.     

Juvenile convicts and their colonial familial lives

Convicts were transported from Britain to Van Diemen’s Land from 1803 until 1853. Approximately 10 000–13 000 juveniles were among the 148 000 convicts transported. This article has traced the lives of female and male juvenile convicts transported, who were sentenced at the Old Bailey (the Central Criminal Court in London), and voyaged to Van Diemen’s Land. By exploring individual lives, and contextualising their experiences, it is possible to go beyond the circumstances of offending–through to their punishment period, to their lives upon release. This article will focus on one aspect of juvenile convict lives post-transportation–their familial life. The method of nominal record-linkage has been used across a variety of criminal and non-criminal records (including civil records and newspapers) in order to build up a picture of these young offenders. Going beyond the institution and focusing directly on female and male juveniles is important in understanding the lives of this unique group. From the behaviour of the juvenile convicts themselves, to the decisions of the administrators and the conditions of the penal colony into which they were thrust; were these female and male juvenile convicts able to form ‘settled’ colonial lives and which factors inhibited or facilitated this process?     

Occupancy rights: life planners and the Navajos

ABSTRACT

This Comment focuses on the limitations of Stilz’s individualist conception of occupancy rights. Her account of occupancy is critical to her attempt to answer the question of where one holds territorial rights as well as related place-related rights like the right of return. Her account appeals to the geographical location of individual life plans. This Comment argues that this fails to distinguish between Indigenous People who are connected historically and in many other ways to a place and individual Life-Planners: it treats the two as equivalent, which I argue is counter-intuitive. I also argue that Stilz’s occupancy account fails to explain the scope of occupancy rights in a number of cases that she appeals to in her examples, such as the Navajos’ expulsion from the area in which they lived. What she needs, I argue, is a group based conception of occupancy rights, in addition to the idea of individual rights of residency.     

关于增设“串通竞买罪”的立法建议

国有土地使用权出让的招标、拍卖、挂牌及国有、集体资产拍卖是我国在总结国有土地使用权拍卖和招投标实践基础上的拓展和创新,而串通竞买行为就是在挂牌出让等过程中竞买人相互串通竞买报价,用串通的方式对抗、减少竞争,以相对低价取得国有土地使用权,最终损害出让人即国家的利益。而现行《刑法》对串通投标罪的规定,难以涵盖和规制日益翻新的危害行为。因此,有必要从遵循刑法内在规律和严密刑事法网的角度出发,对刑法条文予以创新构造,以期对打击与防范国有土地和国有资产转让中的犯罪行为有所裨益。     

生态物权理念与土地资源的可持续利用

传统物权法将土地这一生态物视为公共物品任意使用，大量掠夺式开发使土地生态不断恶化。牛念物权的理念为解决土地资源的可持续利用提供了新的研究视角，当下只有从权属制度、规划制度和征地制度等方面强化物权相关规定，方能进一步落实科学发展观，实现土地资源的可持续利用。     

浅析吉林省农村产权制度改革

本文以吉林省农村产权制度改革为视角,分析了吉林省农村产权制度改革的现状和存在的问题,并结合我国农村产权制度改革取得的成功经验,提出了加大政策扶持力度、以保障农民权益为改革的核心、建立健全农村产权交易平台等促进吉林省农村产权制度改革的对策.     

农村土地流转市场的关系逻辑及其再生产机制 ——基于C县T村个案的经验研究

农村土地流转是乡村振兴的关键着力点。以个案为研究对象,分析社会关系网络在农村土地流转市场中的表现与作用机制,说明"关系脱嵌"是关系再生产的内在动因,"强关系"比"弱关系"更有利于促进农村土地流转。在关系媒介和人际互动等因素综合作用下,"弱关系"可在一定程度上转化为"强关系"。依附于关系媒介的农地流转市场并不是理性、健康的市场,应回归制度理性,以推动构建统一、公平的农村土地流转市场体系。     

对土地征用中几个问题的探讨

土地征用公共利益是前提,行政职能是手段,但我国的土地征用中还存在诸多问题,农民的合法权益难以得到有效的保障。要建构我国科学合理的土地征用制度,就必须严格准确地界定土地征用的公共利益范围,完善土地征用的程序和建立健全公平的补偿机制。