试论中日东海划界争端的解决

在国际法上解决专属经济区和大陆架的原则和方法主要有中间线原则和公平原则,随着中日能源竞争升级,东海划界问题愈显得更加严峻.文章分析《联合国海洋法公约》和结合各国的争议解决实践,对如何公平解决中日东海划界争端提出若干思考.     

从“工学界限”到“打成一片”——中国共产党建党前后深入工人群众的实践经验及启示

五四时期,随着“劳工神圣”思潮的风行,“与劳工为伍”成为响应时代潮流的呼声。从北京大学平民教育讲演团深入工农群众开展讲演,到具有初步共产主义思想的知识分子在长辛店开办劳动补习学校,再到中国劳动组合书记部北方分部以长辛店工运工作为基础向北方各地工人组织扩展,整个过程充分展现了中国共产党在建党前后深入群众问题上的探索和实践情况。其中,“工学界限”问题曾一度影响了革命宣传和组织深入。面对这个问题,早期共产党人坚持以马克思主义为指导,坚定深入工人群众的工作方向,踏实、务实、创造性地开展了一系列实践探索,最终弥合了工学界限,与工人群众打成一片,积累了中国共产党人开展群众工作的最初经验。深入分析和研究这一历史过程,对于坚定人民立场、践行群众路线具有重要的指导意义。     

Forensic Investigation of a Shawl Linked to the “Jack the Ripper” Murders

A set of historic murders, known as the “Jack the Ripper murders,” started in London in August 1888. The killer's identity has remained a mystery to date. Here, we describe the investigation of, to our knowledge, the only remaining physical evidence linked to these murders, recovered from one of the victims at the scene of the crime. We applied novel, minimally destructive techniques for sample recovery from forensically relevant stains on the evidence and separated single cells linked to the suspect, followed by phenotypic analysis. The mtDNA profiles of both the victim and the suspect matched the corresponding reference samples, fortifying the link of the evidence to the crime scene. Genomic DNA from single cells recovered from the evidence was amplified, and the phenotypic information acquired matched the only witness statement regarded as reliable. To our knowledge, this is the most advanced study to date regarding this case.     

An Overview of 3D Printing in Forensic Science: The Tangible Third-Dimension

There has been a rapid development and utilization of three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies in engineering, health care, and dentistry. Like many technologies in overlapping disciplines, these techniques have proved to be useful and hence incorporated into the forensic sciences. Therefore, this paper describes how the potential of using 3D printing is being recognized within the various sub-disciplines of forensic science and suggests areas for future applications. For instance, the application can create a permanent record of an object or scene that can be used as demonstrative evidence, preserving the integrity of the actual object or scene. Likewise, 3D printing can help with the visualization of evidential spatial relationships within a scene and increase the understanding of complex terminology within a courtroom. However, while the application of 3D printing to forensic science is beneficial, currently there is limited research demonstrated in the literature and a lack of reporting skewing the visibility of the applications. Therefore, this article highlights the need to create good practice for 3D printing across the forensic science process, the need to develop accurate and admissible 3D printed models while exploring the techniques, accuracy and bias within the courtroom, and calls for the alignment of future research and agendas perhaps in the form of a specialist working group.     

Toner Particles as Forensic Evidence: Microanalytical Characterization of Known Toner and Recognition of Toner in Environmental Samples*†‡

Modern printing toners represent a prime example of subvisible particles that can be easily transferred to hands, clothing, and other surfaces. To explore the potential evidentiary value of toner particles, toner samples were collected from known printer cartridges and characterized by various microanalytical techniques to establish the properties most useful for recognition, identification, and comparison. Environmental samples (i.e., dust) were then collected from various locations at varying distances from toner-based printers, using both tape lifts and carbon adhesive stubs, to assess the possibility of detecting toner. By light microscopy, toner can be recognized on the basis of particle size and shape, as well as color. Further examination of the micromorphology in the field emission scanning electron microscope reveals characteristic morphologies and differences in surface texture and shape among toner sources. Raman spectroscopy provides chemical identification of the pigment (or pigment class) and, in some cases, also permits identification of the polymer component. While black and blue pigment chemistry remained constant among toner varieties that were studied (copper phthalocyanine and carbon black), variation in yellow and magenta pigments was observed. Analysis of dust samples collected from various environments demonstrated that while toner is consistently detectable in close proximity to printers (within 2 feet), it also can be detected in dust collected in nearby rooms. This research demonstrates that toner particles can be located, characterized, and discriminated, using a suite of microanalytical methods that are applicable to forensic casework.     

新民主主义的坚持与放弃

中国共产党从成立的那一天起,面对的问题之一就是如何客观地认识民族资本主义和资产阶级,正确地同他们处理好关系,这是决定党的政治路线的一个十分重要的问题。在新民主主义革命和建设时期,在认识和对待中国私人资本主义经济问题上,中国共产党走过了一条曲折的道路,既有成功的经验,也有深刻的教训。     

高等学校计算机基础教学的思路与方法研究

为了提高非计算机专业学生的实践和创新能力，高等学校计算机基础教学应改善基础环境，加强实践操作；实施分层次教育，实现按需施教；完善教学方法，提高教学效果；改进教学手段，提高教学效率；构建网络平台，加强学生自主学习；及时更新教学内容，紧跟计算机发展的步伐；改革考试方法，理论实践并重；加强师资建设，提高教学能力。     

论行政的底线伦理

行政的道德底线是行政人员在行政活动中所应遵守的最基本的行政道德规范。行政道德底线受行政伦理的层次性特点影响,是扬弃传统官德的需要以及行政环境和行政法制建设中内在契约的要求。设计或者评定行政伦理的底线不同于社会的一般伦理底线,过高不行,低亦不可。行政人员在行政领域活动的公共性特点,决定廉洁自律与公平正义是行政伦理底线中最为基本的两个方面,由此构成行政道德化供给的根本保证和依据。     

Computer controlled scanner for laser enhanced photography

The use of a scanner to control the photography of fingerprints, shoeprints and other trace contacts which fluoresce under irradiation from an argon ion laser is described. This scanner has been built to cover areas varying in size from a single fingerprint to a shoeprint and provides for variable speed, step size and angle of radiation which are all very important in this highly specialised area of photography.     

Recent Australian Market Mechanisms as a Component of an Environmental Policy That Can Make Choices Between Sustainability and Social Justice

Markets in terms of tradeable water or pollution rights, are increasingly being offered as rational solutions for environmental problems. The rational pursuit of personal gain through trading is assumed to promote increased efficiency in resource use and promote a reduction in the negative aspects of the resource use. The social and distributive effects of the introduction of markets and their rules and operations have received little concerted study and examination. In this paper the role of justice considerations in the development of economically rational environmental decision making will be addressed through some case studies of rural water markets and urban water markets in Australia.