同源激光雕刻橡塑印章印文的鉴别方法

目的找出同源激光雕刻橡塑印章印文之间的特征差异,建立检验鉴定此类印章印文的鉴别方法。方法制作14枚同源激光雕刻橡塑印章,借助文件仪、显微数字分析仪等仪器观察分析其盖印的印文样本。结果找出了各种细节特征差异。结论同源性激光雕刻橡塑印章因其规格性特征符合很好,检验鉴定要以细节特征比对为主。     

Variation in the Measurement of Cranial Volume and Surface Area Using 3D Laser Scanning Technology

Abstract: Three‐dimensional (3D) laser scanner models of human crania can be used for forensic facial reconstruction, and for obtaining craniometric data useful for estimating age, sex, and population affinity of unidentified human remains. However, the use of computer‐generated measurements in a casework setting requires the measurement precision to be known. Here, we assess the repeatability and precision of cranial volume and surface area measurements using 3D laser scanner models created by different operators using different protocols for collecting and processing data. We report intraobserver measurement errors of 0.2% and interobserver errors of 2% of the total area and volume values, suggesting that observer‐related errors do not pose major obstacles for sharing, combining, or comparing such measurements. Nevertheless, as no standardized procedure exists for area or volume measurements from 3D models, it is imperative to report the scanning and postscanning protocols employed when such measurements are conducted in a forensic setting.     

Study of Color Laser Printer and Photocopier Class Using a Pattern Location Measurement Method

A trace code pattern location measurement approach is proposed. It includes a method that can precisely extract the trace code pattern to identify the color laser printer or photocopier class. In this study, we collected 379 samples from 15 brands, including 129 models and 196 printers or photocopiers. The trace code pattern class is identified. Four class characteristics are used to identify the print source: (i) the relation between the pattern and print output direction; (ii) observation of the shape features from among the trace code pattern units; (iii) the feature arrangement from among the trace code pattern units; and (iv) the arrangement relation of the trace code pattern. Blind testing shows that the accuracy of the proposed method is approximately 96.9% for the Questioned Document Examiners, and 84.3% in the non‐Questioned Document Examiners. It is thus an effective technique for determining a print's color laser printer or photocopier source class.     

Introducing 3D Printed Models as Demonstrative Evidence at Criminal Trials

This case report presents one of the first reported uses of a 3D printed exhibit in an English homicide trial, in which two defendants were accused of beating their victim to death. The investigation of this crime included a micro‐CT scan of the victim's skull, which assisted the pathologist to determine the circumstances of the assault, in particular regarding the number of assault weapons and perpetrators. The scan showed two distinct injury shapes, suggesting the use of either two weapons or a single weapon with geometrically distinct surfaces. It subsequently served as the basis for a 3D print, which was shown in court in one of the first examples that 3D printed physical models have been introduced as evidence in a criminal trial in the United Kingdom. This paper presents the decision‐making process of whether to use 3D printed evidence or not.     

Estimating Biological Characteristics With Virtual Laser Data

Laser scanning technology is increasingly being used in forensic anthropological research to obtain virtual data for archival purposes and post hoc measurement collection. This research compared the measurement accuracy of two laser scanners—the FARO Focus^3D 330X and the FARO Freestyle^3D—against traditionally obtained (i.e., by hand) control data (N = 454). Skeletal data were collected to address a novel question: the ability of laser scanning technology to produce measurements useful for biological characteristic estimation, such as sex and stature. Results indicate that both devices produced measurements very similar to control (c. 3‐mm average absolute error), but also illuminate a tendency to under‐measure. Despite these findings, the virtual data produced sex and stature estimates that varied little from control‐produced estimates, signifying the usefulness of virtual data for preliminary biological identification when the skeletal elements are no longer available for physical analysis.     

邓小平人民主体论思想及其启示

邓小平始终坚持以人民根本利益为一切工作的出发点和落脚点,以人民是否拥护、赞成、高兴和满意为检验工作成败的根本标准,以充分调动和保护人民群众的主动性和创造性为工作己任。这一人民主体论思想是历史上"为民"思想的高度升华,是为人民服务思想的延伸和发展,是"三个代表"重要思想及其"执政为民"本质的传承源脉,为我党找到了新形势下立于不败之地的根本途径。     

新时期中国共产党思想路线的发展与创新

实事求是是中国共产党思想路线的核心。革命时期,毛泽东在反对党内教条主义错误的过程中赋予"实事求是"这一成语新的涵义,确立了中国共产党正确的思想路线。十一届三中全会的召开,开辟了我国改革开放的新时期,全面恢复了马克思主义实事求是的思想路线,并且由于国内外环境的变化和时代的发展,加入了解放思想的新内涵,在这一思想路线的指引下,我国开始了改革开放的伟大实践,并取得了巨大成就。到党的十六大,又将解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进作为思想路线的新内涵写入党章,体现了鲜明的时代特征。     

21世纪必须长期坚持与正确把握的指导思想：“三个代表”重要思想

把"三个代表"重要思想作为党的指导思想,是由于它丰富和发展了马克思主义,是指导新实践的锐利武器.全面贯彻"三个代表"重要思想,必须把握好四个坚持、做到四个必须、坚持四个结合.     

深化建家建线必须正确处理"六个关系"

建家建线涵盖了工会各方面工作,是工会维护职工权益的重要方面.当前,建家建线应当结合实际,处理好六个方面的关系.     

三代领导人与党的思想路线的与时俱进

在长期的革命和建设实践中,毛泽东为全党确立了"实事求是"的思想路线;在改革开放和现代化建设的新时期,邓小平领导全党恢复并发展了"实事求是"的思想路线,他在"实事求是"之前增添了"解放思想"四个字的要求。在面向新世纪全面建设小康社会的新阶段,江泽民在"解放思想、实事求是"之后,又增添了"与时俱进"四个字,进一步丰富和发展了党的思想路线。