与时俱进是我们党思想路线发展的新阶段

解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进是马克思主义的精髓与灵魂,也是党的思想路线的核心。强调与时俱进,是国内外形势发展的需要,是中国共产党先进性、自觉性、创造性精神的反映。"三个代表"重要思想的理论成果是与时俱进精神的必然产物,与时俱进是党的思想路线发展的新阶段。     

毛泽东的群众路线观及其在抗日战争中的运用

毛泽东在抗日战争中把群众路线运用于以战争为中心的党的各项实际工作中,结出了丰硕的成果,是我们打败日本帝国主义,夺取抗日战争胜利的重要法宝。     

坚持实事求是 贯彻群众路线

进入新世纪,要更好地坚持实事求是,贯彻群众路线,需要做到坚持以"三个代表"重要思想为指针,以"三个有利于"为标准;加强学习,积极探索,开拓创新,实现决策的科学化、民主化;贯彻民主集中制原则,坚持党的基本路线不动摇;转变工作作风,克服形式主义和官僚主义.     

Inter-observer error for area of origin analysis using FARO Zone 3D

In a bloodletting incident, the area of origin (AO) of an impact bloodstain pattern is crucial when establishing the sequence of events. The use of laser scanners and other three-dimensional (3D) technologies to document and analyse bloodstains have been the subject of previous papers, especially where AO analysis is concerned. FARO Zone 3D (FZ3D) is a relatively new software programme that can be used for bloodstain AO analysis. FZ3D requires a greater understanding of inter-observer errors associated with AO. This study looked at the inter-observer variation between 21 examiners when repeatedly calculating the AO six times for a single impact pattern on a plain white wall. An impact rig which consisted of a spring tension arm was positioned and fixed 45 cm from the X wall (right wall), and 45 cm from the Y wall (left wall). This experimental design resembles an impact blow for a bloodletting event. The AO was unknown to all examiners, making it a blind study. The collected results were documented in a Microsoft Excel datasheet and later analysed. From previous literature, a 30 cm acceptable allowance was utilised for AO analysis; however, there is currently no accepted standard error for this type of analysis. The overall total 3D mean error for all examiners was 5.62 cm. The maximum error for any one impact analysis was 24.27 cm. The variation of the data, which was collected by all examiners, was documented as X = 1.14 cm, Y = 1.24 cm, Z = 1.68 cm, and the total 3D error = 2.28 cm. The total 3D error for any one examiner and the variance between examiners did not exceed the 30 cm acceptable allowance utilised in previous literature.     

基于过程解析法的同机添加打印文件鉴别方法

利用喷墨打印机二次添加打印,特别是同机添加打印变造文件,是文件检验工作中的难题。喷墨打印机采用串行接字方式,内部结构复杂,喷嘴数目多,同一型号打印机又有多种质量模式。因此,在打印图文上往往留有较多的打印特征,如对接重叠线、对接错位线、横向白线、卫星墨点、墨点错位等。分析爱普生、惠普、佳能三个品牌的20台喷墨打印机不同质量模式的打印文件,发现这些特征重复再现频率较高,不同台打印机打印文件特征差异较大,同一台打印机在不同质量模式下特征出现的位置也不尽相同。通过提取打印文件上的打印特征,分析字车运行方向和打印图文pass数值,分解打印过程并制作检验图谱,判断打印文件的可疑区域是否符合打印规律,为确定二次添加打印提供帮助,提升检验过程的规范性、检验意见的准确性和结果依据的可读性。     

Three‐Dimensional Comparative Analysis of Bitemarks*

Abstract: Historically, the inability to accurately represent bitemarks and other wound patterns has limited their evidentiary value. The development of the ABFO #2 scale by Krauss and Hyzer enabled forensic odontologists to correct for most photographic plane distortions. The technique presented here uses the ABFO #2 scale in conjunction with the evolving technologies of laser scanners and comparative software commonly used by the automobile industry for three‐dimensional (3D) analysis. The 3D software comparison was performed in which measurements were analyzed of the normal distance for each point on the teeth relative to the bitemarks. It created a color‐mapped display of the bitemark model, with the color indicating the deviation at each point. There was a correlation between the bitemark and the original teeth.     

Direct identification of various copper phthalocyanine pigments in automotive paints and paint smears by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry

Direct identification of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and chlorinated CuPcs in paints for discrimination between blue automobile paints by means of laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) in the absence of a matrix is reported. The models consisted of eight commercially available CuPc pigments applied to a piece of plain white coating paper. The relationship between the peak intensity at m/z 575 of the CuPc, the number of pulsed laser shots, and laser power was compared to optimize laser abrasion. LDMS analysis of the model paints demonstrated that all characteristic components of the CuPc pigments in the paint films were in good agreement with those in the powder pigments. Further, the chlorinated CuPcs in the paint films could be distinguished. A quantity of 42 blue paint films, representing the paints used for painting Japanese domestic trucks, was examined by LDMS analysis. Results indicate that the paints can be classified into four categories based on the chlorinated CuPc components of the paints. Therefore, LDMS spectra of CuPc pigments would be useful for the identification of paints in forensic investigations. Herein, we report the successful identification of the CuPcs in a paint smear on the frame of a bicycle damaged in a hit-and-run accident, using the LDMS spectra.     

Determination of the Chronological Order of a Laser Printing and Gel Pen Writing Without any Crossing Strokes

Laser printers and writing instruments are being exploited by the forgers to produce fabricated documents. They often produce such documents by appending genuine signature on a blank sheet and later printing on it. Often these fabricated documents do not contain intersection of strokes and may pose a difficulty to forensic document examiners in analyzing cases related to such documents. Keeping in mind the limited research work done on nonintersecting strokes, the present study has been conducted with an aim to determine the sequence of nonintersecting strokes of gel pens and laser printers. Three hundred samples of nonintersecting strokes of gel pen ink and laser printing were prepared. Of these 300, 150 had laser-printed text below the gel pen strokes and the remaining 150 were prepared with gel pen stokes below the laser-printed text. The samples have been analyzed using Nikon SMZ 800N stereomicroscope. Three micro-conformation features, that is, pattern of toner distribution, ink distribution, and fiber distribution have been observed in the samples. The results demonstrate the successful establishment of sequence of nonintersecting strokes in case of gel pen and laser-printed documents by the determination of micro-conformation features.     

激光雕刻印章印文真伪鉴定

激光雕刻印章是当代科技集激光技术、计算机技术、数控技术、电子技术等为一体的刻印技术,已广泛应用于社会。激光雕刻印章印文真伪鉴定成为文检员面临的新课题。本文从激光雕刻印章的原理及程序、印章印文的特点、印章印文的检验方法、鉴定时可使用的特征、形成非本质差异的原因等方面进行了探讨与研究。     

回溯与前瞻——女性性自治权的刑法保护

性侵犯罪的历史是一个从财产到权利的演变过程,从性侵犯罪的沿革来看,刑法对于性自治权的保护呈上升趋势,侵犯性自治权犯罪的起刑点在不断降低。我国刑法在性侵犯罪中仍然存在对女性的歧视,这不符合国际公约的标准。当前,应当进一步降低性侵犯罪的入罪起点,将婚内强奸、疏忽性侵犯规定为犯罪,同时设立新的同意标准。