Testing a Novel 3D Printed Radiographic Imaging Device for Use in Forensic Odontology

There are specific challenges related to forensic dental radiology and difficulties in aligning X‐ray equipment to teeth of interest. Researchers used 3D printing to create a new device, the combined holding and aiming device (CHAD), to address the positioning limitations of current dental X‐ray devices. Participants (N = 24) used the CHAD, soft dental wax, and a modified external aiming device (MEAD) to determine device preference, radiographer's efficiency, and technique errors. Each participant exposed six X‐rays per device for a total of 432 X‐rays scored. A significant difference was found at the 0.05 level between the three devices (p = 0.0015), with the MEAD having the least amount of total errors and soft dental wax taking the least amount of time. Total errors were highest when participants used soft dental wax—both the MEAD and the CHAD performed best overall. Further research in forensic dental radiology and use of holding devices is needed.     

“三个代表”一脉相承的马克思主义理论

把握“三个代表”同马克思主义一脉相承的关系,既要从纵向看,考察它同马克思主义的传承关系,又要从横向的比较中考察它同马克思主义理论体系的内在统一性。     

论党的思想路线的新发展——学习党的十六大报告的体会

党的十六大指明了"解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进"是党的思想路线.这条思想路线的实质是要解决"什么是马克思主义,怎样对待马克思主义"的问题.以毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民为核心的党的三代中央领导集体,在解决各自面临的时代主题时,创立和发展了党的思想路线.     

Digital analysis of experimental human bitemarks: application of two new methods

Bitemark determination in forensic odontology is commonly performed by comparing the morphology of the dentition of the suspect with life-sized photographs of injury on the victim's skin using transparent overlays or computers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the suitability of two new different methods for identification of bitemarks by digital analysis. A sample of 50 volunteers was asked to make experimental bitemarks on the arms of each other. Stone study casts were prepared from upper and lower dental arches of each volunteer. The bitemarks and the study casts were photographed; the photos were entered into the computer and Adobe Photoshop software program was applied to analyze the results. Two methods (2D polyline and Painting) of identification were used. In the 2D polyline method, fixed points were chosen on the tips of the canines and a straight line was drawn between the two fixed points in the arch (intercanine line). Straight lines passing between the incisal edges of the incisors were drawn vertically on the intercanine line; the lines and angles created were calculated. In the painting method, identification was based on canine-to-canine distance, tooth width and the thickness, and rotational value of each tooth. The results showed that both methods were applicable. However, the 2D polyline method was more convenient to use and gave prompt computer-read results, whereas the painting method depended on the visual reading of the operator.     

马克思主义理论的"继生性"发展轨迹

"与时俱进"是马克思主义理论的伟大品质.如果从历史的角度分析,"继生性"则应是马克思主义理论的另一伟大品质,是与时俱进理论的基础.历史发展的轨迹告诉我们,创新理论思想的析出是马克思主义理论的实践偏差不断得到修正的结果,一方面是马克思主义理论"与时俱进"的表现,另一方面则是继承与发展的成功举证.     

中国外交三十年:对进步与不足的若干思考

本文是对改革开放以来中国外交进步与转型的一种评估。作者认为,在过去的三十年,中国外交正在形成静悄悄的革命,其演进方向与全球进步的潮流是一致的,即:更加慎重的军事力量的使用;更加看重市场和贸易的因素;更多介入国际组织和法律的制订与实施过程;更加注意外交学习和制度创新;也更加强调外交为民服务和以人为本的宗旨。同时,作者指出了需要改进和加强的一些地方,如:"和谐世界"理念的落实问题;对外部批评的某些态度问题;应对复杂的主权纠纷时的不足问题;外交服务对象多重性的平衡问题;相对美国而言外交应对机制的单薄问题;资源的有限性与涉外安全需求之间日益扩大的矛盾现象;以及外交公信力研讨上的不足;等等。作者在看好中国外交转型的前景的同时,指出了这种转型的任重道远。     

掀起伪造印章的面纱来

近几年来,随着计算机技术、照排技术及打印与印刷技术的普及与提高,利用伪造印章进行违法犯罪的现象日益突出,而且手法不断翻新,伪造痕迹愈加隐蔽。通过分析伪造手法中存在的共同特征及常见印章伪造所形成的特征,为掀起伪造印章的面纱提供途径与方法,实现司法公正。     

大治安格局的官、民、匪三角演义

三角形最稳定。化解社会矛盾,处置社会冲突,构建社会稳定,必须注重大治安格局的官、民、匪三角关系,必须研究其三角演义。大治安格局的官、民、匪三角冲突,主要触发于三种情形：一定的官防民、官扰民、官害民所形成的官民冲突;一定的斗争哲学、一网打尽、高压稳定所形成的官匪冲突;一定的嗜血成性、殃及无辜、杀身成“仁”所形成的民匪冲突。大治安格局的官、民、匪三角应对,亦可分为上、中、下三策：官、民、匪三方讲求科学;官、民、匪三方构建和谐;官、民、匪三方固守底线。     

Identification of organic pigments in automotive coatings using laser desorption mass spectrometry

When one looks at an automotive coating, one sees color due to pigments. Modern organic pigments, with high molar absorptivities, may be only minor components of the mixture. Laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) has been shown to be a useful tool for the analysis of colorants such as pen ink dyes. Here, LDMS is used to determine its utility for the identification of pigments, in simple media and in more complex paints. Small paint chips can be introduced into the LDMS instrument, and when an ultraviolet laser is focused on a portion of a chip, ions representative of the pigment(s) are selectively formed. Some pigments such as quinacridones and copper phthalocyanine are very stable and are desorbed and ionized intact. In contrast, benzimidazolones, which contain some single-skeletal bonds, form fragment ions. This method proves to be sensitive and convenient, as no sample preparation is required. The presence of inorganic pigments in addition to modern organic pigments can be determined, and pigments can be directly identified in actual automotive paint chip samples.     

Calculating Point of Origin of Blood Spatter Using Laser Scanning Technology

The point of origin of an impact pattern is important in establishing the chain of events in a bloodletting incident. In this study, the accuracy and reproducibility of the point of origin estimation using the FARO Scene software with the FARO Focus^3D laser scanner was determined. Five impact patterns were created for each of three combinations of distances from the floor (z) and the front wall (x). Fifteen spatters were created using a custom impact rig, scanned using the laser scanner, photographed using a DSLR camera, and processed using the Scene software. Overall results gave a SD = 3.49 cm (p < 0.0001) in the x‐direction, SD = 1.14 cm (p = 0.9291) in the y‐direction, and SD = 9.08 cm (p < 0.0115) in the z‐direction. The technique performs within literature ranges of accepted accuracy and reproducibility and is comparable to results reported for other virtual stringing software.