非强制性行政行为的增长与公安行政执法

在公共选择理论下,政府行为取决于公民的意愿和选择。或者说,一个负责任的政府是要不断地满足公民的权利吁求的。公众对公安机关直接强制行政行为的反感,促使公安机关转变执法观念,摆正位置,开发和运用多种具有行政指导、行政契约等非强制性的行政方式和服务措施,既达到了公安机关维护社会治安、推行治安管理的目的,又为群众所接受。这是公安行政执法改革与发展的一个重要趋势。     

论犯罪客体要件的重构

犯罪客体要件对准确定罪具有十分重要的意义。通说的犯罪客体理论存在严重缺陷,不足以承担犯罪构成要件之重任。为完善犯罪构成理论,本文在基本坚持通说犯罪构成的基础上,引入法益理论,实现对犯罪客体要件的重构,并具体阐述了犯罪客体要件的概念以及法益、法益主体、法益侵犯以及法益受到侵犯的程度等犯罪客体要件构成要素。     

试论新形势下公安机关基层基础工作规律特点及改进对策

当前,随着社会和科技的发展,社会治安的不断复杂化,公安基层基础工作呈现出一些新的规律和特点。如何科学地把握这些特点和内涵,有效加强和改进公安基层基础建设,为公安工作长久发展奠定坚实的基础,已成为急需解决的问题。     

对唐山市动态环境下实施治安防控的调查与思考

河北省警察学会和唐山市警察学会联合调研组在调查研究、总结经验教训的基础上,探讨了动态环境下加强社会治安防控的新举措。     

处理涉法涉诉信访的几点思考

涉法涉诉信访是诸多社会矛盾的综合反映,其表现形式主要有十个方面,既涉及实体法,又涉及程序法,做好涉法涉诉信访工作应把握坚持对人民群众高度负责、坚持甄别性质分类处理、坚持实事求是依法办事、坚持依靠党委政府解决问题、坚持责任追究等原则。     

我国机关事务集中统一管理改革的理论与实践分析

改革开放以来,我国机关事务管理变革工作经历了初步探索、全面改革和深化改革三个时期。我国机关事务管理经不断改革已经取得很大进步,但仍面临管理职能分散化、部门利益分割化等碎片化困境,因此我们应树立机关事务整体性治理理念,构建跨部门协同的集中统一治理体系。调研湖北省、山西省、江西省等地机关事务集中统一管理实践发现,集中统一管理具有优势也面临诸多挑战。未来机关事务管理应增强保障与服务职能,打造服务型组织;提高管理与运营能力,打造高效型组织;健全监督与问责机制,打造责任型组织。     

Policy Adoption and Policy Intensity: Emergence of Climate Adaptation Planning in U.S. States

The United States is experiencing growing impacts of climate change but currently receives a limited policy response from its national leadership. Within this policy void, many state governments are stepping up and taking action on adaptation planning. Yet we know little about why some states adopt State Adaptation Plans (SAPs), while others do not. This article investigates factors that predict the emergence of SAPs, both in terms of policy adoption and policy intensity (goal ambitiousness). Applying the diffusion of innovation theory, I consider the relative influence of internal state characteristics, regional pressures, and test for conditional effects between government ideologies and severity of the problem. The results show interesting differences between predictors that influence policy adoption and ambitiousness. States are more motivated to adopt a policy when faced with greater climate vulnerability, have more liberal citizenry, and where governments have crossed policy hurdles by previously passing mitigation plans. The intensity of policies and goal setting, moreover, is more likely to be driven by interest group politics and diffuse through policy learning or sharing information among neighboring states in Environmental Protection Agency regions. These findings support an emerging scholarship that uses more complex dependent variables in policy analysis. These variables have the potential to differentiate symbolic from substantive policies and capture finer information about predictors of importance.     

“放管服”改革的行政法意义及其完善

与先前行政审批制度改革相比,党的十八大以来大力推进的"放管服"改革更加强调权力调整的动态性、整体性、系统性,其对于优化政府职责、转变监管方式、深入推进国家治理体系和能力现代化具有明显的积极意义。但此轮"放管服"改革依然沿袭了行政审批制度改革的运动化、政策化思路,并不完全符合法治政府建设的基本要求。从职权法定、监管工具的动态调整、优化公共服务的基本法则三个方面,"放管服"改革的行政法意义和合法性风险可以得到更加清晰的呈现。要提升"放管服"改革的法治品性,需要以《行政许可法》的有效实施为核心,通过设立专门的社会化的"放管服"改革委员会、激活行政许可评价制度、引入更广泛的专家和社会参与、完善试验改革的授权制度、优化规制工具分析评价制度几个方面来实现。     

对外依存与中国外交的战略自主

改革开放四十年,中国经济得到长足发展,与此同时也带来了对外依存度偏高的风险,而经济上的对外依存与战略自主之间存在密切的相互影响关系。回顾一些大国的对外战略可以看出,相互依存直接影响对外战略,对外依存度过高会导致战略自主性的下降,从而极大缩减战略选项,甚至在一些关键节点不得不诉诸战略冒险。中国的对外依存与战略自主的关系也经历了复杂的演变过程。新中国成立后,中国一度采取"一边倒"的对外政策,在一定程度上影响了战略自主。改革开放之后,中国经济对外部市场、技术和能源的依存度不断上升,也在一定程度上限制了中国对外战略的全面自主发展。因此,中国的大国战略必须在外向与内顾、国际与国内之间保持适当的平衡,更为合理地协调对外依存与战略自主之间的关系,将全面深度改革开放与全方位外交布局紧密联系在一起。唯其如此,中国未来的大国外交才能行稳致远。     

Promoting customer engagement: A new trend in utility regulation

This paper traces a new development in regulation that encourages utilities to engage more directly with their customers. We make four contributions: First, we perform a comprehensive analysis of how regulators are using customer engagement, and offer a simple model for understanding different customer engagement initiatives. Second, we review assessments of customer engagement. We find that there are no quantitative, empirically robust assessments of the effectiveness of customer engagement as a regulatory tool. Third, we develop two detailed case studies of an energy regulator and a water regulator that are in the forefront of customer engagement efforts. We find that there is no direct link between the engagement strategy used and the economic incentives received by a firm. Finally, we propose a framework for improving the customer engagement process. The new framework relies on microeconomics, modern tools of program evaluation, and supplying the regulated firm with direct incentives to engage with the customer.