当代中国立法的道德考量

在现代民主法治社会中,立法难免对性道德问题进行回应。在理解道德立法方面,我们可以从西方自由主义政治哲学的有关论述中得到启发。在论证道德立法的正当性问题上,结合美国联邦最高法院在性道德领域内的判例,我们将道德纳入立法的表现形式归纳为社会秩序、公共道德和社会环境。我国目前正处于一个道德回归和社会价值观重建的时期,立法无法避免要对性道德问题进行回应。我们一方面应当谨慎对待立法的道德化,防止立法对私人道德的过度干预;另一方面需要发扬民族传统道德,发挥公共道德对社会价值整合的力量。     

法律方法论课程设置及教学方法刍议

法律方法论作为方法性知识、经验性知识和技术性知识,是有效促进法律技能形成和提高的直接知识来源,法律方法论课程的设置有利于职业型和精英型法律人才的培养。法律方法论课程应单独开设并与法理学及部门法学课程的关系进行协调。根据我国当下法律方法论研究的进展和成果,可选取学界基本已达成共识的法律方法类型和体系作为法律方法论课程的教学内容。理论讲授法是法律方法论课程的基础教学方法,案例分析法是法律方法论课程的主导教学方法,实践体验法是法律方法论课程的补充教学方法。     

Socrates in Aotearoa: teaching restorative justice in New Zealand

Much introductory material on restorative justice presents the subject from an idealistic point of view, in which assertions of its ethical superiority and advantages over retributive justice systems frequently go unchallenged. In New Zealand, this problem is particularly pronounced, as there is often a naïve acceptance that restorative justice is more culturally appropriate for offenders and victims with indigenous backgrounds. This article argues for a more nuanced approach to the teaching of restorative justice, using critical investigation of claims concerning its efficacy and examination of its problems in order to explore its promises and realities. One possibility for such an approach is the use of the Socratic Method, a teaching method with a demonstrated ability to engage students and foster critical thinking, but one that has also received criticism for its ability to intimidate and demean students. This method is widely used in law schools, but much less so in the social sciences. This article explores the use of this method in a New Zealand university class on restorative justice, examining both student perceptions of the use of the Socratic Method, as well as the efficacy of this approach in terms of knowledge retention and critical engagement.     

客观归责理论的引入与因果关系的功能回归

我国刑法中的因果关系无论在理论研究还是司法实务领域都存在一定程度的混乱与迷惑,这在很大程度上与因果关系理论功能定位不清有关。我国现行的因果关系理论除了进行事实判断之外,还承担了规范归责的功能。因果关系应当解决的是构成要件行为与构成要件结果之间是否存在客观关联的问题,而结果能否归责于行为则是刑法归责理论的任务。客观归责理论的贡献在于,在承认条件因果关系的前提下,跨越自然科学性的事实审查而进入价值性、规范性审查的阶段。客观归责理论除了提供判断规则之外,也许更重要的是提供了一种逻辑思维方法,促使我国刑法中的因果关系回归事实判断的功能定位,克服我国因果关系理论哲学色彩浓厚、判断标准不一的弊端。     

The ‘Code of Silence’: Are Self‐Report Surveys a Viable Means for Studying Police Misconducts?

Police misconducts have very rarely been studied by the self‐report method because it is assumed that the ‘code of silence’ is too hard to break even in an anonymous survey research situation. In this study a self‐report method was carried out in a police unit in Finland. Respondents were shown a list of 16 possible conducts. They were asked whether they knew a police officer who had been engaged in misconduct mentioned in the list or whether they themselves had engaged in one or more of the misconducts mentioned in the list. The analysis results indicated that, in an anonymous self‐report survey context, police officers are clearly willing to report on service misconducts, both their own and those of their fellow officers. Thus, the assumed ‘code of silence’ does not seem as strong as the literature suggests.     

‘The Sweet Taste of Sin’—A Muslim Drug Dealer in a Nordic Welfare State

Moa is a 22-year-old Muslim dealer selling drugs at a street drug market in Oslo. The main part of the paper consists of long interview extracts from three interviews with him. The aim is to capture some of the ambivalence and complexity that might otherwise be lost in traditional scholarly analysis. In short, Moa tells how he got into drug dealing in the first place, the help he received from a well-meaning welfare state apparatus, his feelings of remorse, guilt, and shame, and the attempts he made to break with the drug trade and its life-style. Moa's story highlights differences between street life in a benevolent welfare state with a penal system famous for its open-handedness, and street life under harder socio-economic and penal conditions. Even though Moa has more opportunities than offenders elsewhere, failing in a society where most others succeed is different from failing in a larger marginalized community. Moa's story also challenges the public view of Muslim offenders and questions established assumptions about the relationship between Islam and crime.     

交通事故轮胎鉴定概述

轮胎鉴定是指涉及事故车辆的轮胎相关的鉴定项目,是交通事故技术鉴定中的重要项目之一,一般可分为轮胎痕迹鉴定和轮胎损坏情况及其与事故关系鉴定两种.本文着重论述了交通事故技术鉴定中上述两种轮胎鉴定的定义、鉴定步骤、鉴定方法,并通过典型案例来全面解读轮胎鉴定的具体鉴定过程.     

FTIR法在微量物证检验中的应用

本文利用FTIR法对交通肇事案件相关微量物证进行定性比对检验分析。在实际案件应用中表明,其检验分析结果准确可靠,其鉴定结论可认定或排除交通肇事嫌疑车辆。FTIR法的检验分析结果,可以为反映案件真实情况提供证据,鉴定结论可作为审理此类案件的证据,同时也可为民事索赔提供依据。     

基于模糊综合评价法的地方政府依法行政监督实施效果评估

地方政府依法行政监督实施效果评估研究是行政监督领域的一个新的研究视野,它注重对行政监督依法、实施效果等进行定量分析和研究。文章阐述了地方政府依法行政监督实施效果评估指标体系构建的思路、维度设计、指标选取、有效性统计检验、权重确定等过程,分析了模糊综合评价法应用原理和构建步骤,并将其运用于湖南省依法行政监督实施效果评估的实证研究中。     

参与式调解在处置家庭暴力冲突中的思考

国家公权力介入家庭领域,尽管有缺陷,但总体上我国司法机关对家庭暴力进行干预具有非常重要的正当性。文章探讨了参与式调解的理念、方法及程序设定对家庭暴力冲突处置的有效性,符合现代警务发展趋势。同时认为,这一处置模式在构建和谐社会中具有重要实践意义。